Vaccines, Volume 12, Issue 11

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an uncommon but serious adverse reaction after vaccination. However, its association with vaccines other than the measles–mumps–rubella vaccine remains debatable. This study aimed to analyze IT...

Background: Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) imposes a significant disease burden on infants and the elderly. Intranasal immunization using attenuated live vaccines and certain vector vaccines against HRSV has completed phase II clinical tria...

Background/Objectives: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, preventing millions of deaths globally each year. However, vaccine hesitancy, driven by misinformation and reduced disease risk perception, has led to declin...

Background: European countries have included healthcare workers (HCWs) among priority groups for COVID-19 vaccination. We established a multi-country hospital network to measure the SARS-CoV-2 incidence and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines among HC...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are present in almost all tissues, where they act as sentinels involved in innate recognition and the initiation of adaptive immune responses. The DC family consists of several cell lineages that are heterogenous in their develo...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a widespread viral pathogen, responsible for a significant burden of cervical and other cancers worldwide. Over the past decades, the development and widespread adoption of prophylactic HPV vaccines have dramatically red...

Background/Objectives: Since its emergence in 2019, the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 led to the global pandemic. Recent large-scale dengue fever outbreaks overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased cases of co-infection and posing seve...

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) persistent infection is a major pathogenic factor for HPV-related cancers, such as cervical cancer (CC), vaginal cancer, vulvar cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancer (HNC). Since the intro...

Glycoconjugate vaccines have been effective in preventing numerous bacterial infectious diseases and have shown recent potential to treat cancers through active immunotherapy. Soluble polysaccharides elicit short-lasting immune responses and are usua...

The biological progression of aging encompasses complex physiological processes. As individuals grow older, their physiological functions gradually decline, including compromised immune responses, leading to immunosenescence. Immunosenescence signifi...

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated the development of versatile vaccines capable of addressing evolving variants. Prime-2-CoV_Beta, a novel Orf virus-based COVID-19 vaccine, was developed to express the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid ant...

The development of effective vaccines necessitates a delicate balance between maximizing immunogenicity and minimizing safety concerns. Subunit vaccines, while generally considered safe, often fail to elicit robust and durable immune responses. Nanot...

Background: The evaluation of HPV vaccine effectiveness is essential for informing public health strategies, yet there remains a gap in understanding humoral immune responses generated by different HPV vaccine formulations in regional populations. Th...

Background/Objectives: Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) infection poses significant health and economic challenges to the global swine industry. The disease in pigs leads to lymphoid depletion, resulting in immunosuppression and increased susceptibility t...

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, prompted global efforts to develop vaccines to control the disease. Various vaccines, including mRNA (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273), adenoviral vector (ChAdOx1, Ad26.COV2.S), and inactivated virus platforms (BBIBP-...

The authors would like to make the following corrections to this published paper [...]

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and c...

The action of mRNA-based vaccines requires the expression of the antigen in cells targeted by lipid nanoparticle–mRNA complexes. When the vaccine antigen is not fully retained by the producer cells, its local and systemic diffusion can have con...

Alimentary tract inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is treated by systemically administered drugs that alter fundamental host immune responses. Biologics that target tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are first-line biologics in IBD, used wide...

(1) Background/Objectives: Two pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, 15-(PCV15) and 20-(PCV20) valent formulations, are routinely recommended for US children in a 3+1 schedule. The first three doses are administered during the first year of life at 2, 4,...

Africa swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease that can result in up to 100% lethality in both wild and domestic swine, regardless of breed or age. The ongoing ASF pandemic...

Background/Objectives: Socioeconomic hardship during the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower vaccine uptake. Since the pandemic has exacerbated socioeconomic challenges faced by sexual and gender minority populations, including employment inc...

Background: There is limited evidence comparing hepatitis A seroprevalence among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU), HIV-infected (HIV), and unexposed uninfected (HUU) children. This compromises rational vaccine decision-making. Methods: This study compris...

Between 2013 and 2016, the A/H1N1pdm09 component of the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) produced instances of lower-than-expected vaccine effectiveness. Standard pre-clinical ferret models, using a human-like vaccine dose and focusing on ant...

Background: Serosurveillance of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (ECM) in healthy individuals is crucial for assessing disease risk and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccinations. However, this practical work is rare in China. Methods: We conducte...

Background/Objectives: Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling are critical for the progression of prostate cancer and have been the therapeutic focus of prostate cancer for over 50 years. While a variety of agents have been developed to targ...

Background/Objectives: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever together are responsible for millions of cases and thousands of deaths per year, most of which occur in children in South and Southeast Asia. While typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) are licensed, n...

Aeromonas hydrophila causes motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS), a disease with a high mortality rate in tilapia culture. Feed-based vaccines with the incorporation of inactivated whole-cell bacteria into the feed offer promising tools to control MAS....

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become predominant therapies for cancer, the safety and efficacy of combining ICIs with vaccinations remain areas of needed investigation. As ICIs gain broader clinical application, the relevance of c...

Background: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and is associated with an increased risk of asthma development. Palivizumab, an RSV prophylactic, reduces RSV-related hospitalizatio...

Background/Objectives: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains a significant global threat to livestock farming. Current commercial FMD vaccines present several challenges, including the risk of infection and adverse injection site reactions due to oil-...

Background/Objectives. Tuberculosis is a deadly bacterial disease and the second most common cause of death from monoinfectious diseases worldwide. Comprehensive measures taken by health authorities in various countries in recent decades have saved t...

Background/Objectives: In Vietnam, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns for children have encountered numerous challenges due to acceptance issues among parents. This study aimed to assess parental decision-making and identify factors influencing their dec...

New vaccination programs measure economic success through cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) based on an outcome evaluated over a certain time frame. The reimbursement price of the newly approved vaccine is then often reliant on a simulated ideal effe...

The vast, untapped potential of the world’s oceans is revealing groundbreaking advancements in human health and vaccination. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis spp. and Dunaliella salina are emerging as resources for recombinant vaccine develop...

Background/Objectives: Japan’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign achieved high coverage by 2022, yet limited national-level data has hindered evaluations of vaccine effectiveness. This study analyzed the impact of vaccines on infection outcomes whi...

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer affecting women globally, with HPV as the primary etiology agent. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have substantially reduced the incidence of cervical cancer. Methods: This study assessed t...

Background/Objectives: Pertussis continues to pose a substantial global health challenge despite widespread vaccination programs. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of recent pertussis cases in the Gyeongnam region of Sou...

Background. Causing approximately 8 million deaths each year, tobacco smoking represents a significant public health concern. Evidence shows that smoking significantly impairs antibody production and immune cell activity following vaccination. Object...

Background: Influenza has many harmful effects on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such as hyperglycemia and increasing incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Epidemiological evidence shows that influenza vaccinations c...

Background: The Measles–Rubella Microarray Patch (MR-MAP) is an important technology that is expected to reduce coverage and equity gaps for measles-containing vaccines (MCVs), reach zero-dose children, and contribute to elimination of measles...

Background: Measles elimination strategies include supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) to rapidly fill immunity gaps. Post-campaign coverage surveys (PCCSs) are recommended to assess SIA coverage. We characterized selected PCCSs performed fo...

The COVID-19 pandemic, triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has profoundly and permanently affected many aspects of the world [...]

Protective antibodies in the upper respiratory tract prevent the spread of COVID-19 in the community. Intranasal vaccines could raise the specific secretory IgA and IgG levels. This is a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cli...

Background: The main consequences of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both associated with frequent hospitalization. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of universal HBV vaccinat...

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 and its variants continue to pose significant threats to public health, with considerable uncertainty surrounding their impact. As of September 2024, the total number of deaths reached 8.8 million worldwide. Vaccinatio...

Background: Many human activities release harmful substances, contaminating the air, water, and soil. Since exposure to environmental pollutants is currently unavoidable, it is important to verify how these compounds may influence individual immune r...

Background: Influenza is a contagious respiratory illness responsible for seasonal epidemics and with potential to cause pandemics. The decline in influenza-related studies published since 2018 resulted in data gaps, particularly in emerging markets....

Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a highly contagious and economically devastating pathogen affecting poultry worldwide, leading to significant losses in the poultry industry. Despite existing vaccines, outbreaks continue to occur, highlig...

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) patients are at high risk of severe infections including COVID-19 due to an immune dysregulation affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, our understanding of the immune responses to infection an...