Vaccines

Research

15 pages, 2177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sex Differences in Serious Adverse Events Reported Following Booster Doses of COVID-19 Vaccination in Thailand: A Countrywide Nested Unmatched Case-Control Study

by Chawisar Janekrongtham, Mariano Salazar and Pawinee Doung-ngern

Vaccines 2023, 11(12), 1772; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11121772 - 28 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1833

Abstract

A booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine has been proven effective in restoring vaccine effectiveness and is currently recommended for use in some populations at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Since sex differences in adverse events are significant in response to the vaccines, [...] Read more.

A booster dose of a COVID-19 vaccine has been proven effective in restoring vaccine effectiveness and is currently recommended for use in some populations at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Since sex differences in adverse events are significant in response to the vaccines, the safety of booster selection must be studied to avoid serious adverse events (SAE), such as life-threatening diseases. First, this study aimed to identify sex differences in SAE incidences using a prospective cohort design. Second, a nested unmatched case-control study was used to identify factors associated with reported SAE within 30 days after the booster shot. Multivariable logistic regression indicated the adjusted odds ratio by accounting for host and vaccine variables, thus, policy effects. The findings confirmed that SAE was rare and that age-sex-dominated disease classifications differed. Specific to SAE following the booster dose, we found that females aged 12–40 had a higher risk of being reported with SAE than males of the same age, while males over 50 had a higher risk than females. Other risk factors identified were the presence of metabolic syndrome and the use of certain vaccine brands. Mechanisms could be explained by individual host responses rather than the vaccines’ direct effect. Therefore, SAE could be preventable by age-sex-specific vaccine selection, post-vaccination precautions, and early symptom detection. Future vaccine development should aim to limit host-specific reactogenicity for safety concerns. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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8 pages, 859 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Meningitis without Rash after Reactivation of Varicella Vaccine Strain in a 12-Year-Old Immunocompetent Boy

by Sibylle Bierbaum, Veronika Fischer, Lutz Briedigkeit, Claudius Werner, Hartmut Hengel and Daniela Huzly

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 309; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020309 - 30 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1875

Abstract

Acute neurologic complications from Varicella-Zoster-Virus reactivation occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In this report, we describe a case of a previously healthy immunocompetent boy who had received two doses of varicella vaccine at 1 and 4 years. At the age of [...] Read more.

Acute neurologic complications from Varicella-Zoster-Virus reactivation occur in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. In this report, we describe a case of a previously healthy immunocompetent boy who had received two doses of varicella vaccine at 1 and 4 years. At the age of 12 he developed acute aseptic meningitis caused by vaccine-type varicella-zoster-virus without concomitant skin eruptions. VZV-vaccine strain DNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient made a full recovery after receiving intravenous acyclovir therapy. This disease course documents another case of a VZV vaccine-associated meningitis without development of a rash, i.e., a form of VZV infection manifesting as “zoster sine herpete”. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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10 pages, 510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adverse Effects of Sinopharm COVID-19 Vaccine among Vaccinated Medical Students and Health Care Workers

by Anusha Sultan Meo, Adeeba Masood, Usama Shabbir, Hubba Ali, Zeeshan Nadeem, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Abdullah Nasser Alshahrani, Saad AlAnazi, Abeer A Al-Masri and Thamir Al-Khlaiwi

Vaccines 2023, 11(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11010105 - 1 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5718

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease caused a highly problematic situation worldwide. Various vaccines were launched to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of first and second doses of the Sinopharm vaccine among vaccinated [...] Read more.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease caused a highly problematic situation worldwide. Various vaccines were launched to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of first and second doses of the Sinopharm vaccine among vaccinated medical and dental students and healthcare workers. A well-established questionnaire was distributed online, and 414 medical and dental students and healthcare workers (HCW) comprising 355 females (85.7%) and 59 males (14.3%) participated; all were vaccinated with two doses of Sinopharm. The most common side effect was pain at the injection site after dose one in 253 respondents (61.3%) and after dose two in 161 respondents (38.9%). Other symptoms included general lethargy in 168 (40.6%), myalgia/body pain in 99 (23.9%), low-grade fever in 93 (22.4%), and headache in 87 (21%) respondents. Common side effects reported after the second dose of the vaccine following pain at the injection site included general lethargy in 21.3% (88), headache in 10.4% (43), myalgia/body pain in 9.9% (41), and low-grade fever in 6.1% (25) of the respondents. In conclusion, common adverse effects of the Sinopharm vaccine were pain at the injection site, general lethargy, myalgia, body pain, low-grade fever, and headache. These adverse effects were mild in intensity for both doses but slightly more frequent and severe for the first dose than the second dose. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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12 pages, 1493 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peripheral Nervous System Adverse Events after the Administration of mRNA Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Large-Scale Studies

by Yu-Hsin Lai, Hong-Yu Chen, Hsin-Hui Chiu, Yi-No Kang and Shi-Bing Wong

Vaccines 2022, 10(12), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10122174 - 17 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4583

Abstract

Although neurological complications after the administration of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rare, they might result in long-term morbidity. This study was designed to determine the risk of peripheral nervous system (PNS) adverse events after the administration of mRNA vaccines against [...] Read more.

Although neurological complications after the administration of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rare, they might result in long-term morbidity. This study was designed to determine the risk of peripheral nervous system (PNS) adverse events after the administration of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Large-scale randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies were systematically searched in databases, and 15 cohort studies were included in the synthesis. Among all PNS adverse events, only Bell’s palsy and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) had sufficient data and were included for further analysis. Individuals who received mRNA vaccines had a higher risk of Bell’s palsy than the unvaccinated group, and the risk of Bell’s palsy after BNT162b2 was significantly higher than after mRNA-1273. Regarding GBS, no significant difference in the risk was observed between BNT162b2 and the unvaccinated group, but BNT126b2 introduced a higher risk of post-vaccinated GBS than mRNA-1273. In conclusion, PNS adverse events, especially Bell’s palsy, should be carefully observed after mRNA vaccination against COVID-19. With the opportunity of vaccination campaigns on such a large scale, further investigation and surveillance of post-vaccination neurological adverse events should also be established. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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11 pages, 222 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Adverse Reactions to Influenza Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study

by Ayako Kumabe, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Shinsuke Yahata, Ken Goda and Masanobu Okayama

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1664; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101664 - 6 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of sex, age, and quadrivalent vaccination history on adverse reactions (ARs) to influenza vaccines and the relationship between the occurrence of ARs and the risk of influenza infection. Study participants were employees of three hospitals in [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of sex, age, and quadrivalent vaccination history on adverse reactions (ARs) to influenza vaccines and the relationship between the occurrence of ARs and the risk of influenza infection. Study participants were employees of three hospitals in the Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, who received the influenza vaccine in 2019. Data were collected using questionnaires. The main factors were age, sex, and history of influenza vaccination as a control. The primary outcomes were the incidence of local and systemic ARs attributable to the vaccine and positive influenza cases among the participants during the influenza season. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Among the 1493 participants, 80% experienced either local or systemic ARs. ARs were less common among men than among women (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.21–0.37) and less common among those aged ≥60 years (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26–0.89). ARs were significantly more likely to occur in those with a history of influenza vaccination (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.15–3.33). Those who had ARs, notably localized ones, were significantly more likely to incur influenza infection. Individuals who report ARs to influenza vaccination should strictly adopt non-pharmaceutical preventive measures in the hospital, community settings, and at home. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

11 pages, 402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Adverse Reactions to the First and Second Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine

by Ken Goda, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Shinsuke Yahata, Masanobu Okayama and Hogara Nishisaki

Vaccines 2022, 10(8), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10081232 - 31 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2516

Abstract

This study investigated the frequency of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Japan and the impact of first-dose adverse reactions on second-dose adverse reactions. Individuals who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at our center in March or April 2021 were included. Data were [...] Read more.

This study investigated the frequency of adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines in Japan and the impact of first-dose adverse reactions on second-dose adverse reactions. Individuals who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at our center in March or April 2021 were included. Data were collected using questionnaires. The main factors were age (<40, 40–59, and >60 years), sex, underlying disease, and first-dose adverse reaction. The primary outcomes were incidence of local and systemic adverse reactions (ARs) attributable to the vaccine. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among 671 participants, 90% experienced local or systemic ARs. An AR to the first dose was associated with a significantly increased risk of an AR to the second dose (OR: 49.63, 95% CI: 21.96–112.16). ARs were less common among men than among women (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.76). Local ARs were less common among those aged 60 years or older (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.18–0.66), whereas systemic ARs were more common among those aged under 40 years. Information on ARs to the first dose is important for healthcare providers and recipients when making vaccination decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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13 pages, 1265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Frequency and Patterns of Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome Reveal Initially Mild and Potentially Immunocytopenic Signs in Primarily Young Saudi Women

by Kamaleldin B. Said, Amal Al-Otaibi, Luluh Aljaloud, Basmah Al-Anazi, Ahmed Alsolami, Fayez Saud Alreshidi and on behalf of the Ha’il COM Research Unit Group

Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071015 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3116

Abstract

Vaccination is the most promising approach for ending or containing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, serious post-COVID-19 vaccine reactions, including immunocytopenia (ITP) syndrome, have been increasingly reported. Several factors cause increased risks including multiple doses, age-dependent heterogeneity in immune-responses, platelet cross-reactions with microbial components, [...] Read more.

Vaccination is the most promising approach for ending or containing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, serious post-COVID-19 vaccine reactions, including immunocytopenia (ITP) syndrome, have been increasingly reported. Several factors cause increased risks including multiple doses, age-dependent heterogeneity in immune-responses, platelet cross-reactions with microbial components, and Long-COVID syndrome. Thus, in the absence of widely available specific therapeutics, vigilance is important while more studies are needed. Using a structured questionnaire sent to different regions in Saudi Arabia, we conducted a comprehensive investigation on the frequency, rates, disease patterns, and patient demographics of post-COVID-19 vaccine side effects on febrile patients after administration three major vaccines. Results indicated that the majority of respondents administered Pfizer BioNtech vaccine (81%, n = 809); followed by AstraZeneca (16%, n = 155); and Moderna (3%, n = 34). Overall 998 participants, 74% (n = 737) showed no serious symptoms; however, 26.2% (n = 261) revealed typical syndromes. In a focused group of 722 participants, the following rates were identified: shortness of breath (20%), bruises or bleeding (18%), inattention (18%), GIT symptoms (17.6%), skin irritation (8.6%), and anosmia and ageusia (8%) were the most prominent among those who showed typical symptoms. The onset time was mostly between 1–3 days in 49% (n = 128), followed by 4–7 days in 21.8% (n = 57), 8–14 days in 16.5% (n = 43), and more than a month in 12.6% (n = 33). The onsets occurred mostly after the first, second, or both doses, 9%, 10%, and 7% of participants, respectively. The frequency of symptoms was significantly higher after Moderna^® vaccine (p-value = 0.00006) and it was significantly lower in participants who received Pfizer (p-value = 0.00231). We did not find significant difference in symptoms related to differences in regions. Similarly, the region, age, sex, education, and nationality had no influence on the dose and onset timings. The findings of this study have significant clinical implications in disease management strategies, preventive measures, and vaccine development. Future vertical studies would reveal more insights into the mechanisms of post-COVID-19 vaccine syndrome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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11 pages, 1851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Population-Based Structures to Actively Monitor AEFIs during a Mass Immunization Campaign—A Case of Measles–Rubella and Polio Vaccines

by Dan Kajungu, Victoria Nambasa, Michael Muhoozi, Joan Tusabe, Beate Kampmann and Jim Todd

Vaccines 2021, 9(11), 1293; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111293 - 8 Nov 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4612

Abstract

Active vaccine pharmacovigilance complements the standard passive or spontaneous surveillance system, which suffers from low reporting rates. This study aimed at utilizing population-based structures to report and profile adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with the measles and rubella vaccine (MR), or MR in [...] Read more.

Active vaccine pharmacovigilance complements the standard passive or spontaneous surveillance system, which suffers from low reporting rates. This study aimed at utilizing population-based structures to report and profile adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with the measles and rubella vaccine (MR), or MR in combination with the bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV 1&3) (MR & bOPV), during mass vaccination in Uganda. Caretakers of children at home (less than 5 years) and schoolgoing children were followed up on and encouraged to report any AEFIs on day one, 2–3 days, 10 days, and 14 days after vaccination at school by their teachers and at-home, community-based village health teams. Out of 9798 children followed up on, 382 (3.9%) reported at least one AEFI, and in total, 517 AEFIs were reported. For MR, high temperature (21%), general feeling of weakness (19.3%), and headache (13%) were the most reported AEFIs, though there were variations on the days when they were reported. For the combination dose of MR & bOPV, high temperature (44%), rash (17%), general feeling of weakness (13%), and diarrhoea (8%) were the most common adverse events following immunization reported by caretakers. All 382 children cleared the AEFIs within 2 days, with 343 (90%) children reporting mild or moderate AEFIs and only 39 (10%) reporting severe AEFIs. The reported AEFIs are known and are mentioned in the vaccine leaflets with similar severity classification. Rates of AEFIs differed with the number of days after receiving the immunization. Conclusion: Active surveillance for AEFIs provides additional important information to national vaccine regulatory bodies. It reassures the public that vaccines are safe and that their safety is being taken seriously in Uganda, which would improve vaccine acceptability and confidence in the health system. Piggybacking on existing structures such as village health team members (for children at home) and teachers (for schoolgoing children) facilitates reaching vaccine recipients and increases reporting rates. Therefore, studies using active reporting of AEFIs should be conducted at regular intervals to report the overall incidence of AEs and to monitor trends and changes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

25 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Side Effects and Adverse Clinical Cases Reported after COVID-19 Immunization

by Roshina Rabail, Waqar Ahmed, Madiha Ilyas, Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka, Abdo Hassoun, Abdur Rauf Khalid, Moazzam Rafiq Khan and Rana Muhammad Aadil

Vaccines 2022, 10(4), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10040488 - 22 Mar 2022

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 13264

Abstract

COVID-19 remains a deadly disease that poses a serious threat to humanity. COVID-19 vaccines protect the public and limit viral spread. However, public acceptance is significantly dependent on the efficacy and side effects (SEs) of the vaccinations being produced. Four important mechanisms have [...] Read more.

COVID-19 remains a deadly disease that poses a serious threat to humanity. COVID-19 vaccines protect the public and limit viral spread. However, public acceptance is significantly dependent on the efficacy and side effects (SEs) of the vaccinations being produced. Four important mechanisms have been examined for COVID-19 vaccines: DNA-based, mRNA-based, protein-based, and inactivated viruses. Vaccination safety research was formerly limited to manufacturer-sponsored studies, but numerous additional cross-sectional survey-based studies conducted globally have contributed to the generation of vaccine-related safety data reports. Twenty-seven studies and twenty-four case reports published-up till 2021 were overviewed for the presentation of SEs and their severity. Injection site pain remained the most dominant localized SE, while headache and fatigue were the most prevalent systemic SEs. Most studies reported that all vaccinations were safe, with very little or no adverse effects, but the nature of SEs was reported to be more persistent in DNA- and mRNA-based vaccines, while inactivated viral vaccines were associated with longer-duration SEs. Overall, SEs were found to be more dominant in women and youngsters. Case reports of adverse reactions have also been documented, but there is still a need to find out their pathological linkage with the COVID-19 vaccination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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Other

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8 pages, 570 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Two Pediatric Cases of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Overlapping Neurological Involvement Following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Unknown SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Importance of Pre-Vaccination History

by Veronica Santilli, Emma Concetta Manno, Carmela Giancotta, Chiara Rossetti, Nicola Cotugno, Donato Amodio, Gioacchino Andrea Rotulo, Annalisa Deodati, Roberto Bianchi, Giulia Lucignani, Daniela Longo, Massimiliano Valeriani and Paolo Palma

Vaccines 2022, 10(7), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071136 - 16 Jul 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2525

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine roll-out has been successful around the world. However, there are increasing concerns about adverse events. We report two pediatric cases of Multisystem-Inflammatory-Syndrome (MIS-C) with neurological involvement that occurred after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and unknown recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain magnetic resonance revealed [...] Read more.

The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine roll-out has been successful around the world. However, there are increasing concerns about adverse events. We report two pediatric cases of Multisystem-Inflammatory-Syndrome (MIS-C) with neurological involvement that occurred after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and unknown recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Brain magnetic resonance revealed mild-encephalopathy with reversible-splenial-lesion in both cases and complete resolution within 4 weeks. In conclusion, this report aims to describe rare emerging clinical entities that can help pediatricians to make an early diagnosis and to provide appropriate treatment. Multisystem-Inflammatory-Syndromes following COVID-19 vaccination remain rare events. When a history of a recent contact with SARS-CoV-2 is present, a careful evaluation by the clinicians in charge of immunization activities is suggested prior to proceeding with the vaccination. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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10 pages, 1007 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Dual-Positive MPO- and PR3-ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Booster Vaccination: A Case Report and Systematic Review

by Eva Baier, Ulrike Olgemöller, Lorenz Biggemann, Cordula Buck and Björn Tampe

Vaccines 2022, 10(5), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050653 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 6109

Abstract

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing, and new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging, vaccines are needed to protect individuals at high risk of complications and to potentially control disease outbreaks by herd immunity. [...] Read more.

As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is ongoing, and new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are emerging, vaccines are needed to protect individuals at high risk of complications and to potentially control disease outbreaks by herd immunity. After SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) presenting with a pulmonary hemorrhage has been described. Previous studies suggested that monocytes upregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II cell surface receptor human leukocyte antigen receptor (HLA-DR) molecules in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) patients with proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA seropositivity. Here, we present a case of new-onset AAV after booster vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Moreover, we provide evidence that the majority of monocytes express HLA-DR in AAV after SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination. It is possible that the enhanced immune response after booster vaccination and presence of HLA-DR⁺ monocytes could be responsible for triggering the production of the observed MPO- and PR3-ANCA autoantibodies. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of de novo AAV after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination describing their clinical manifestations in temporal association with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, ANCA subtype, and treatment regimens. In light of a hundred million individuals being booster vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, a potential causal association with AAV may result in a considerable subset of cases with potential severe complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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13 pages, 4222 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

New-Onset Kidney Diseases after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series

by Jeong-Hoon Lim, Mee-Seon Kim, Yong-Jin Kim, Man-Hoon Han, Hee-Yeon Jung, Ji-Young Choi, Jang-Hee Cho, Chan-Duck Kim, Yong-Lim Kim and Sun-Hee Park

Vaccines 2022, 10(2), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020302 - 16 Feb 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 9303

Abstract

Various vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and proven to be effective, but their side effects, especially on kidney function, are not yet known in detail. In this study, we report the clinical courses and histopathologic findings of new-onset kidney diseases after COVID-19 [...] Read more.

Various vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed and proven to be effective, but their side effects, especially on kidney function, are not yet known in detail. In this study, we report the clinical courses and histopathologic findings of new-onset kidney diseases after COVID-19 vaccination as confirmed via kidney biopsy. Five patients aged 42 to 77 years were included in this study, and baseline kidney function was normal in all patients. The biopsy-proven diagnosis indicated newly developed kidney diseases: (1) IgA nephropathy presenting with painless gross hematuria, (2) minimal change disease presenting with nephrotic syndrome, (3) thrombotic microangiopathy, and (4) two cases of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis presenting with acute kidney injury. Individualized treatment was applied as per disease severity and underlying pathology, and the treatment outcomes of all patients were improved. Since this is not a controlled study, the specific pathophysiologic link and causality between the incidence of kidney diseases and COVID-19 vaccination are difficult to confirm. However, clinicians need to consider the possibility that kidney diseases may be provoked by vaccines in patients who have renal symptoms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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7 pages, 699 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Following the First Dose of COVID-19 Viral Vector Vaccine: A Case Report

by Maria Maddalena Sirufo, Martina Raggiunti, Lina Maria Magnanimi, Lia Ginaldi and Massimo De Martinis

Vaccines 2021, 9(10), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9101078 - 25 Sep 2021

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 8598

Abstract

A 76 year-old female came to our observation one week after the vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 for the onset of purpuric rash on her gluteal and legs regions associated with coxalgia and episodes of macrohaematuria. Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) was diagnosed on the [...] Read more.

A 76 year-old female came to our observation one week after the vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 for the onset of purpuric rash on her gluteal and legs regions associated with coxalgia and episodes of macrohaematuria. Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) was diagnosed on the basis of the revised criteria developed by the European League Against Rheumatism, the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization, and the Paediatric Rheumatology European Society (EULAR/PRINTO/PRES). HSP is a common IgA-mediated small vessel vasculitis, typical of childhood, that affects several systems and is characterized by a tetrad of dermatological, abdominal, joint, and renal manifestations. The Etiology of HSP is not completely understood, but it was observed following upper respiratory tract infections, medications, vaccinations, and malignancies. HSP has previously been reported following immunization with various vaccines, mostly within 12 weeks post, suggesting a possible correlation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the possible association between COVID-19 ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 and the onset of HSP in a previously healthy woman. No similar cases were reported amongst 23.848 participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 AZD1222 trial. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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5 pages, 483 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Case of Rubella Caused by Rubella Vaccination

by Momoka Kamada and Tsuneaki Kenzaka

Vaccines 2021, 9(9), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091040 - 18 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3276

Abstract

We present an extremely rare case of rubella that developed after rubella vaccine administration. A 54-year-old man complained of back and neck pain for some days. He presented with generalized rash and arthralgia that had persisted for two days before his visit. His [...] Read more.

We present an extremely rare case of rubella that developed after rubella vaccine administration. A 54-year-old man complained of back and neck pain for some days. He presented with generalized rash and arthralgia that had persisted for two days before his visit. His vital signs were normal, and arthralgia had disappeared during an examination, but lymphadenopathy in the left posterior neck and pink papules were observed throughout the body. He had received his first Rubella vaccination 17 days before this visit and had attended a crowded festival. Owing to the rubella epidemic in that prefecture, we performed a rubella antibody test and polymerase chain reaction assay using blood, urine, and pharyngeal swab specimens. Rubella IgG and IgM antibody titers were 3 and 1.48, respectively. The pharyngeal swab yielded positive results for the 1a vaccine strain. Therefore, he was diagnosed with rubella due to rubella vaccination. His symptoms improved eventually. His clinical course was uncomplicated. Symptoms resolved within one week without specific treatment. The vaccine rubella strain is not as highly infectious as wild-type rubella strains. If rubella symptoms appear after vaccination, it must be investigated whether these are vaccine-specific adverse reactions, wild-strain rubella onset, or other eruptive viral infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vaccination Related Adverse Reaction)

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