A One Health Perspective: Nutritional Deficiencies and Toxic Diseases in Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 August 2026 | Viewed by 4642

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: veterinary pathology; animal nutritional and metabolic diseases; toxicology; trace elements; pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The "One Health" perspective emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Nutritional deficiencies and toxic diseases in animals are significant aspects of this approach as they can directly or indirectly impact both animal and human populations. Nutritional deficiencies, often caused by poor diet or inadequate resources, can lead to various health issues in animals, such as stunted growth, weakened immune systems, and increased susceptibility to infections. Similarly, toxic diseases resulting from exposure to environmental contaminants like pesticides, heavy metals, or chemicals pose a risk not only to animal health but also to humans through the consumption of contaminated animal products or through direct contact. The One Health framework aims to address these issues through integrated surveillance, research, and prevention strategies, recognizing that the health of animals, humans, and ecosystems is deeply intertwined. By monitoring and managing nutritional and toxicological risks in animals, we can reduce potential threats to public health and promote better outcomes for all species involved.

Dr. Hongrui Guo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nutritional deficiencies
  • toxic diseases
  • immune
  • health issues

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 6749 KB  
Article
Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Content in Selected Dairy Farms in Jiangsu, China
by Yi Yang, Yan-Ni Wu, Yi-Hui Zhang, Xiang-Shun Cui, Xiao-Yang Lv, Zhi Chen, Zhang-Ping Yang and Qin-Yue Lu
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(11), 1042; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12111042 - 1 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 885
Abstract
Lead and cadmium are prevalent heavy metal toxins that contaminate the natural environment through animal husbandry and agricultural and industrial activities. Exposing dairy cows to these pollutants can have detrimental effects on milk production and quality, leading to health problems and decreasing the [...] Read more.
Lead and cadmium are prevalent heavy metal toxins that contaminate the natural environment through animal husbandry and agricultural and industrial activities. Exposing dairy cows to these pollutants can have detrimental effects on milk production and quality, leading to health problems and decreasing the animals’ production performance. Therefore, investigating the distribution of lead and cadmium content and assessing the pollution levels at dairy farms are of significant theoretical and practical significance. This study determined the spatial distribution and clustering of lead and cadmium by sampling soil and feces from dairy farms in Jiangsu, China. The data obtained, in conjunction with soil data from Jiangsu Province, were used to evaluate the extent of lead and cadmium pollution at these farms. The results indicate that lead pollution levels are relatively low, whereas cadmium pollution is moderate in multiple regions. Ultimately, this study contributes to the assessment of the risks associated with lead and cadmium in dairy farming production and supports the establishment of a sustainable animal husbandry system, serving as an effective reference for subsequent ecological health farming, disease prevention, and management. Full article
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13 pages, 424 KB  
Article
Observed Trace Mineral Deficiencies in a Group of Locally Harvested Sheep in Hawai’i
by Shaye N. R. Nishimura, Janae S. Bulosan, Mark S. Thorne, Melelani A. Oshiro, Jenee S. Odani and Caleb C. Reichhardt
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(10), 1002; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12101002 - 16 Oct 2025
Viewed by 1172
Abstract
Trace minerals (TM) play a critical role in the health and productivity of small ruminants. They are essential for various physiological functions, including growth, reproduction, and immune response, yet research on their status in Hawai’i is notably limited. This study focused on surveying [...] Read more.
Trace minerals (TM) play a critical role in the health and productivity of small ruminants. They are essential for various physiological functions, including growth, reproduction, and immune response, yet research on their status in Hawai’i is notably limited. This study focused on surveying the current trace mineral concentrations of locally raised and harvested sheep to identify common deficiencies and toxicities. Sheep liver (n = 83) and plasma (n = 79) samples were collected over eight months from local harvest facilities and private operations. There was a high percentage of liver samples that were deficient in copper (47%), iron (46%), and cobalt (31%). There was a low percentage of liver samples that were toxic in Mn (11%). Strong positive correlations in plasma zinc and plasma magnesium (r = 0.814, p < 0.0001) and liver molybdenum and liver selenium (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001) were found. With this data, local small ruminant producers will be able to evaluate their nutrition management program. Addressing these gaps is vital for conducting future research studies, improving sheep health, and ensuring the productivity of small ruminant operations in Hawai’i. Full article
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Review

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30 pages, 2355 KB  
Review
Postbiotics: Multifunctional Microbial Products Transforming Animal Health and Performance
by Sahdeo Prasad, Bhaumik Patel, Prafulla Kumar and Rajiv Lall
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(12), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12121191 - 12 Dec 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
Postbiotics, which are preparations of inanimate microorganisms and their components, have emerged as a promising functional ingredient in animal health and nutrition. Postbiotics are primarily composed of microbial cell fractions, metabolites, enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, and short-chain fatty acids. Unlike probiotics, postbiotics do not [...] Read more.
Postbiotics, which are preparations of inanimate microorganisms and their components, have emerged as a promising functional ingredient in animal health and nutrition. Postbiotics are primarily composed of microbial cell fractions, metabolites, enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, and short-chain fatty acids. Unlike probiotics, postbiotics do not contain live microorganisms, which strengthens their greater stability and safety in feed/food formulations. Postbiotics offer several beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory, and antimicrobial actions. They enhance antioxidant enzymes, neutralize reactive oxygen species, and inhibit lipid peroxidation, thereby protecting tissues from oxidative damage. Postbiotics also inhibit pro-inflammatory molecules like TNF-α and IL-6, while enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, promoting the maturation and function of immune cells, and increasing secretory IgA production. They suppress a variety of pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Campylobacter, etc., both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, they increase beneficial gut bacteria and improve the digestion and integrity of the intestine. This article outlines the beneficial effects of postbiotics in animals including poultry, swine, canine, feline, horses, and ruminant animals, either as feed/food or as a supplement. The integration of postbiotics into animal feed improves growth performance, feed conversion ratios, and disease resistance in animals. Thus, the multifunctional benefits of postbiotics make them a valuable tool for healthy companion animals and sustainable livestock production, supporting both animal welfare and productivity without the drawbacks associated with antibiotic growth promoters. Full article
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