Interplay between Influenza Virus and Host Factors

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Viruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1130

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Interests: molecular virology; influenza virus; viral pathogenesis; virus–host interactions; innate antiviral response; post-translational protein modifications; protein trafficking; acetylation; HDACs; HATs
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Dear Colleagues,

Influenza virus has posed a challenge to global public health for centuries and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future due to its genetic makeup, diversity, and broad host range. Influenza virus is an obligate intracellular pathogen and interacts with numerous host factors to complete its life cycle in the host. These interactions are both exploitative and antagonistic and contribute to the host adaptation and disease severity of influenza virus. Hence, the host factors involved in the life cycle of influenza virus may be divided into two categories—proviral and antiviral—even if some host factors might play a dual role. Influenza virus utilizes all three main parts—plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus—of a host cell to complete its life cycle. Influenza virus continues to be the subject of extensive research, and new findings on the interplay between influenza virus and host factors continue to be demonstrated. A detailed understanding of the interplay between influenza virus and host factors is key in elucidating the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and design-targeted antiviral strategies. This Special Issue of Viruses invites articles reporting the latest research developments in this exciting area of influenza virus research.

Dr. Matloob Husain
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • influenza virus
  • host factors
  • proviral host factors
  • antiviral host factors
  • host adaptation
  • virus entry
  • virus assembly
  • virus release
  • innate antiviral response
  • interferon-stimulated genes
  • post-translational protein modifications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 4711 KiB  
Article
Functional Analysis of GRSF1 in the Nuclear Export and Translation of Influenza A Virus mRNAs
by Jordana Schmierer and Toru Takimoto
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071136 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 841
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) utilize host proteins throughout their life cycle to infect and replicate in their hosts. We previously showed that host adaptive mutations in avian IAV PA help recruit host protein G-Rich RNA Sequence Binding Factor 1 (GRSF1) to the nucleoprotein [...] Read more.
Influenza A viruses (IAV) utilize host proteins throughout their life cycle to infect and replicate in their hosts. We previously showed that host adaptive mutations in avian IAV PA help recruit host protein G-Rich RNA Sequence Binding Factor 1 (GRSF1) to the nucleoprotein (NP) 5’ untranslated region (UTR), leading to the enhanced nuclear export and translation of NP mRNA. In this study, we evaluated the impact of GRSF1 in the viral life cycle. We rescued and characterized a 2009 pH1N1 virus with a mutated GRSF1 binding site in the 5’ UTR of NP mRNA. Mutant viral growth was attenuated relative to pH1N1 wild-type (WT) in mammalian cells. We observed a specific reduction in the NP protein production and cytosolic accumulation of NP mRNAs, indicating a critical role of GRSF1 in the nuclear export of IAV NP mRNAs. Further, in vitro-transcribed mutated NP mRNA was translated less efficiently than WT NP mRNA in transfected cells. Together, these findings show that GRSF1 binding is important for both mRNA nuclear export and translation and affects overall IAV growth. Enhanced association of GRSF1 to NP mRNA by PA mutations leads to rapid virus growth, which could be a key process of mammalian host adaptation of IAV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interplay between Influenza Virus and Host Factors)
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