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Viruses
Special Issues
Congenital Viral Infections: Mechanisms of Vertical Transmission and Pathology Findings
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Congenital Viral Infections: Mechanisms of Vertical Transmission and Pathology Findings

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 4310

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria P. Bonasoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pathology Unit, Azienda USL–IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
Interests: perinatal pathology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Congenital viral infections may affect the fetus at any time during pregnancy, passing from the mother to the baby through the placenta. Mothers may be asymptomatic or present aspecific flu-like symptoms. The main viruses in which vertical transmission is recognized are Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus, Rubella, Herpes Viruses, Chickenpox, and Zika. COVID-19’s incidence of vertical transmission and its effects on the fetus are still unknown. Viruses present specific mechanisms of mother-to-fetus spread, passing or disrupting the placental barrier. Characteristic fetal damage may be detected by ultrasound and further investigated by magnetic resonance, especially encephalic malformations. Congenital viral damage may vary from mild to severe fetal damage, or lead to intrauterine death. Specific histological findings may be observed in the fetal or placental tissues.

This Special Issue will cover the main aspects of congenital viral infections, including the mechanisms of placental passage, the prenatal characteristics, and histopathological features in case of autopsy and/or placental examination.

Dr. Maria P. Bonasoni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fetal pathology
  • placental pathology
  • placental barrier disruption
  • viral infection in pregnancy
  • fetal/neonatal outcome in congenital viral infections

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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7 pages, 214 KiB  
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High Rates of Miscarriage and Stillbirth among Pregnant Women with Clade I Mpox (Monkeypox) Are Confirmed during 2023–2024 DR Congo Outbreak in South Kivu Province
by David A. Schwartz
Viruses 2024, 16(7), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16071123 - 13 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1006
Abstract
Mpox (monkeypox) is a neglected tropical disease that has received increased attention since the multi-nation outbreak that began in 2022. The virus is endemic in West and Central Africa, where the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the most affected country. Clade [...] Read more.
Mpox (monkeypox) is a neglected tropical disease that has received increased attention since the multi-nation outbreak that began in 2022. The virus is endemic in West and Central Africa, where the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the most affected country. Clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is endemic in the DRC and has an overall case fatality rate of 10.6% among children and adults. A study conducted in Sankuru Province, DRC, from 2007 to 2011 demonstrated that 75% of pregnant women with mpox had miscarriages or stillbirth. Further analysis of a stillborn fetus showed that MPXV could infect both the placenta and fetus, causing congenital infection. No additional cases of Clade I MPXV in pregnant women were reported until a new outbreak occurred in South Kivu Province during 2023 and 2024. Eight pregnant women having Clade I MPXV infection were identified, of whom four had either miscarriages or stillbirth, representing a 50% fetal mortality rate. These reports confirm previous data from the DRC that indicate the capability of Clade I MPXV to affect the fetus, causing congenital infection and fetal loss in a high percentage of cases. In this article, we review both past and new data from the DRC on the effects of Clade I MPXV during pregnancy and discuss the association of mpox with fetal loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Congenital Viral Infections: Mechanisms of Vertical Transmission and Pathology Findings)
19 pages, 1568 KiB  
Systematic Review
Maternal Fever and Reduced Fetal Movement as Predictive Risk Factors for Adverse Neonatal Outcome in Cases of Congenital SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data from Case Reports and Case Series
by Elena S. Bernad, Florentina Duica, Panagiotis Antoniadis, Andreea Moza, Diana Lungeanu, Marius Craina, Brenda C. Bernad, Edida Maghet, Ingrid-Andrada Vasilache, Anca Laura Maghiari, Diana-Aurora Arnautu and Daniela Iacob
Viruses 2023, 15(7), 1615; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15071615 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2642
Abstract
Objectives: To determine risk factors for primary and secondary adverse neonatal outcomes in newborns with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data sources: PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 2020 to January 2022. Study eligibility criteria: newborns delivered after 24 weeks of gestation with confirmed/possible congenital [...] Read more.
Objectives: To determine risk factors for primary and secondary adverse neonatal outcomes in newborns with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data sources: PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from January 2020 to January 2022. Study eligibility criteria: newborns delivered after 24 weeks of gestation with confirmed/possible congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection, according to standard classification criteria. Methods: Execution of the IPD analyses followed the PRISMA-IPD statement. Univariate non-parametric tests compared numerical data distributions. Fisher’s exact or Chi-square test determined categorical variables’ statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression revealed risk factors for adverse neonatal outcome. Results: Maternal fever was associated with symptomatic congenital infection (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 1.33–15.57). Two-thirds of women that reported decreased fetal movements were diagnosed with IUFD (p-value = 0.001). Reduced fetal movement increased the risk of intrauterine fetal death by 7.84 times (p-value = 0.016, 95% CI: 2.23–27.5). The risk of stillbirth decreased with gestational age at the time of maternal infection (p-value < 0.05, OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97). Conclusions: Maternal fever and perception of reduced fetal movement may be predictive risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome in cases with congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Congenital Viral Infections: Mechanisms of Vertical Transmission and Pathology Findings)
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