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Viruses
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Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis
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Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Virology and Viral Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 2668

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Justyna Dominika Kowalska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Adults’ Infectious Diseases, Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: HIV; AIDS; cascade; linkage; hepatitis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The care cascade is a concept used to assess and improve the engagement of people living with HIV at various stages of HIV care and treatment. It helps identify gaps in continuity of care and develop strategies to ensure that people living with HIV receive the health services and support that they need. This concept was so effective that it deserved to be transferred to other infectious diseases, especially hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV).

This comprehensive approach ensures that individuals receive the screening, diagnosis, treatment and support that they need, ultimately improving their overall health and well-being. Promoting the well-being of people living with HIV goes beyond clinical care to address their overall quality of life and holistic health.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect research related to HIV and viral hepatitis, covering topics ranging from early diagnosis and effective treatment to well-being and quality of life.

Prof. Dr. Justyna Dominika Kowalska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV
  • AIDS
  • cascade
  • linkage
  • HCV
  • HBV

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1998 KiB  
Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hepatitis C Treatment Initiation in British Columbia, Canada: An Interrupted Time Series Study
by Richard L. Morrow, Mawuena Binka, Julia Li, Mike Irvine, Sofia R. Bartlett, Stanley Wong, Dahn Jeong, Jean Damascene Makuza, Jason Wong, Amanda Yu, Mel Krajden and Naveed Zafar Janjua
Viruses 2024, 16(5), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16050655 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 295
Abstract
We investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation, including by birth cohort and injection drug use status, in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Using population data from the BC COVID-19 Cohort, we conducted interrupted time series analyses, estimating [...] Read more.
We investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation, including by birth cohort and injection drug use status, in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Using population data from the BC COVID-19 Cohort, we conducted interrupted time series analyses, estimating changes in HCV treatment initiation following the introduction of pandemic-related policies in March 2020. The study included a pre-policy period (April 2018 to March 2020) and three follow-up periods (April to December 2020, January to December 2021, and January to December 2022). The level of HCV treatment initiation decreased by 26% in April 2020 (rate ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60 to 0.91). Overall, no statistically significant difference in HCV treatment initiation occurred over the 2020 and 2021 post-policy periods, and an increase of 34.4% (95% CI 0.6 to 75.8) occurred in 2022 (equating to 321 additional people initiating treatment), relative to expectation. Decreases in HCV treatment initiation occurred in 2020 for people born between 1965 and 1974 (25.5%) and people who inject drugs (24.5%), relative to expectation. In summary, the pandemic was associated with short-term disruptions in HCV treatment initiation in BC, which were greater for people born 1965 to 1974 and people who inject drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis)
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12 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
Dismantling Barriers to Hepatitis B and Delta Screening, Prevention, and Linkage to Care among the PWUD Community in Philadelphia
by Beatrice Zovich, Catherine Freeland, Holly Moore, Kara Sapp, Anousha Qureshi, Rachel Holbert, Jason Zambrano, Daljinder Bhangoo, Chari Cohen, Richard W. Hass and Amy Jessop
Viruses 2024, 16(4), 628; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16040628 - 18 Apr 2024
Viewed by 518
Abstract
The prevalence of hepatitis B and delta viruses (HBV/HDV) among people who use drugs (PWUD) remains largely unknown. In the context of one Philadelphia-based harm reduction organization (HRO), this study aimed to assess HBV/HDV prevalence and facilitate linkage to care. Participants completed a [...] Read more.
The prevalence of hepatitis B and delta viruses (HBV/HDV) among people who use drugs (PWUD) remains largely unknown. In the context of one Philadelphia-based harm reduction organization (HRO), this study aimed to assess HBV/HDV prevalence and facilitate linkage to care. Participants completed a demographic HBV/HDV risk factor survey and were screened for HBV and reflexively for HDV if positive for HBV surface antigen or isolated core antibody. Fisher’s exact tests and regression were used to understand relationships between risks and HBV blood markers. Of the 498 participants, 126 (25.3%) did not have hepatitis B immunity, 52.6% had been vaccinated against HBV, and 17.9% had recovered from a past infection. Eleven (2.2%) participants tested positive for isolated HBV core antibody, 10 (2.0%) for HBV surface antigen, and one (0.2%) for HDV antibody. History of incarceration was associated with current HBV infection, while transactional sex and experience of homelessness were predictive of previous exposure. This study found high rates of current and past HBV infection, and a 10% HBV/HDV co-infection rate. Despite availability of vaccine, one quarter of participants remained vulnerable to infection. Findings demonstrate the need to improve low-threshold HBV/HDV screening, vaccination, and linkage to care among PWUD. The study also identified gaps in the HBV/HDV care cascade, including lack of point-of-care diagnostics and lack of support for HROs to provide HBV services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis)
11 pages, 1063 KiB  
Article
Occult HBV Infection in Patients Infected by HIV or HCV: Comparison between HBV-DNA and Two Assays for HBsAg
by Silvia Meschi, Klizia Mizzoni, Bruno Daniele Leoni, Claudio Galli, Anna Rosa Garbuglia, Stefano Belladonna, Enrico Girardi, Fabrizio Maggi and the HBSAGN Study Group
Viruses 2024, 16(3), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030412 - 07 Mar 2024
Viewed by 746
Abstract
We investigated the frequency and serological correlates of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the potential impact of a highly sensitive assay for HBsAg in subjects infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), who are also at risk [...] Read more.
We investigated the frequency and serological correlates of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) and the potential impact of a highly sensitive assay for HBsAg in subjects infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV), who are also at risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, often in an occult form. Samples from 499 patients with HIV, all HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive, and 137 patients with HCV were tested for HBV-DNA, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and HBsAg by a conventional and highly sensitive assay. HBV biomarkers were detected in 71.5% of HCV-RNA-positive, with a higher prevalence of cases positive only for anti-HBc in patients with HCV than in those with HIV. HBV-DNA was detectable in 0.6% of HIV-positive and 7.3% of HCV-RNA-positive patients. Among patients with HCV, four were positive for HBsAg and negative for HBV-DNA, bringing the rate of HBV-active infection in this group to 10.2%. Active HBV infection was not related to gender or specific patterns of HBV biomarkers but was higher in HCV patients coinfected by HIV compared to those infected only by HCV. Monitoring patients at high risk for HBV infection and reactivation may require testing for both HBV-DNA and HBsAg. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis)
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14 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
Integration of Hepatitis C and Addiction Treatment in People Who Inject Drugs: The San Patrignano HCV-Free and Drug-Free Experience
by Pierluca Piselli, Antonio Boschini, Romina Gianfreda, Alessandra Nappo, Claudia Cimaglia, Gianpaolo Scarfò, Camillo Smacchia, Raffaella Paoletti, Sarah Duehren and Enrico Girardi
Viruses 2024, 16(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16030375 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 711
Abstract
Injection drug use represents an important contributor to hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, hence therapeutic communities (TCs) are promising points of care for the identification and treatment of HCV-infected persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). We evaluated the effectiveness and efficacy of an HCV [...] Read more.
Injection drug use represents an important contributor to hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission, hence therapeutic communities (TCs) are promising points of care for the identification and treatment of HCV-infected persons who inject drugs (PWIDs). We evaluated the effectiveness and efficacy of an HCV micro-elimination program targeting PWIDs in the context of a drug-free TC; we applied the cascade of care (CoC) evaluation by calculating frequencies of infection diagnosis, confirmation, treatment and achievement of a sustained virological response (SVR). We also evaluated the risk of reinfection of PWIDs achieving HCV eradication by collecting follow-up virologic information of previously recovered individuals and eventual relapse in drug use, assuming the latter as a potential source of reinfection. We considered 811 PWIDs (aged 18+ years) residing in San Patrignano TC at the beginning of the observation period (January 2018–March 2022) or admitted thereafter, assessing for HCV and HIV serology and viral load by standard laboratory procedures. Ongoing infections were treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA), according to the current national guidelines. Out of the 792 individuals tested on admission, 503 (63.5%) were found to be seropositive for antibodies against HCV. A total of 481 of these 503 individuals (95.6%) underwent HCV RNA testing. Out of the 331 participants positive for HCV RNA, 225 were ultimately prescribed a DAA treatment with a sustained viral response (SVR), which was achieved by 222 PWIDs (98.7%). Of the 222 PWIDs, 186 (83.8%) with SVR remained HCV-free on follow-up (with a median follow-up of 2.73 years after SVR ascertainment). The CoC model in our TC proved efficient in implementing HCV micro-elimination, as well as in preventing reinfection and promoting retention in the care of individuals, which aligns with the therapeutic goals of addiction treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cascade of Care for HIV and Hepatitis)
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