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Viruses
Special Issues
Recent Advances in Veterinary Vaccines
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Recent Advances in Veterinary Vaccines

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 March 2022) | Viewed by 11886

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fang He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
2. Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou, China
Interests: vaccines; nanoparticle; nanobody; porcine reproductive and respiratory viruses (PPRSV); classical swine fever viruses (CSFV); adjuvant

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vaccination is certainly of unequivocal advantage for viral infection control. However, many viral disease problems have not been solved with current vaccine technologies, such as immune evasion and non-stability in attenuation. Veterinary vaccine research may enlighten and benefit both human and animal antiviral strategy development.

This Special Issue of Viruses is dedicated to highlighting recent advances in veterinary vaccine development, which explores cutting-edge technology and promisingly delivers encouraging improvements in efficacy against infectious challenges for humans and animals. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the novel design and formulation of veterinary vaccines and adjuvants, nanoparticles and VLP, antiviral therapeutics in animals, enhanced B- and T-cell immune responses, vaccines against immune suppression and viral pathogenesis.

Prof. Dr. Fang He
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • VLP and nanoparticle
  • veterinary vaccine delivery
  • veterinary antiviral therapeutics
  • adjuvants for veterinary vaccines
  • virus induced immune suppression
  • animal virus attenuation
  • immunogenicity
  • T-cell immunity
  • DIVA

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1650 KiB  
Article
Intranasal Immunization with a Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Serotypes 2 Vector-Based Vaccine Induces Protection against H9N2 Avian Influenza in Chicken
by Wenhao Yang, Jing Dai, Jingjing Liu, Mengjiao Guo, Xiaowen Liu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Zenglei Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu and Xiaoquan Wang
Viruses 2022, 14(5), 918; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14050918 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2356
Abstract
Commercial inactivated vaccines against H9N2 avian influenza (AI) have been developed in China since 1990s and show excellent immunogenicity with strong HI antibodies. However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the clinical demand for a live-vectored vaccine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have [...] Read more.
Commercial inactivated vaccines against H9N2 avian influenza (AI) have been developed in China since 1990s and show excellent immunogenicity with strong HI antibodies. However, currently approved vaccines cannot meet the clinical demand for a live-vectored vaccine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vectored vaccines have shown effective protection in chickens against H9N2 virus. However, preexisting NDV antibodies may affect protective efficacy of the vaccine in the field. Here, we explored avian paramyxovirus serotype 2 (APMV-2) as a vector for developing an H9N2 vaccine via intranasal delivery. APMV-2 belongs to the same genus as NDV, distantly related to NDV in the phylogenetic tree, based on the sequences of Fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene, and has low cross-reactivity with anti-NDV antisera. We incorporated hemagglutinin (HA) of H9N2 into the junction of P and M gene in the APMV-2 genome by being flanked with the gene start, gene end, and UTR of each gene of APMV-2-T4 to generate seven recombinant APMV-2 viruses rAPMV-2/HAs, rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-PUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-FUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-HNUTR-HA, rAPMV-2-LUTR-HA, and rAPMV-2-MUTR-HA, expressing HA. The rAPMV-2/HAs displayed similar pathogenicity compared with the parental APMV-2-T4 virus and expressed HA protein in infected CEF cells. The NP-UTR facilitated the expression and secretion of HA protein in cells infected with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA. Animal studies demonstrated that immunization with rAPMV-2-NPUTR-HA elicited effective H9N2-specific antibody (6.14 ± 1.2 log2) responses and conferred complete immune protection to prevent viral shedding in the oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from chickens challenged with H9N2 virus. This study suggests that our recombinant APMV-2 virus is safe and immunogenic and can be a useful tool in the combat of H9N2 outbreaks in chicken. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Veterinary Vaccines)
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Review

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12 pages, 306 KiB  
Review
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Vaccines: Commercial Application and Research Advances
by Jinshuo Guo, Lei Hou, Jianwei Zhou, Dedong Wang, Yongqiu Cui, Xufei Feng and Jue Liu
Viruses 2022, 14(9), 2005; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14092005 - 10 Sep 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3798
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection can lead to porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), causing great economic losses to the global swine industry. Conventional vaccination programs are a major measure in the prevention and control of this disease. Currently, there are 5 commercially available [...] Read more.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection can lead to porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), causing great economic losses to the global swine industry. Conventional vaccination programs are a major measure in the prevention and control of this disease. Currently, there are 5 commercially available PCV2 vaccines in the international market and 10 kinds commercially available PCV2 vaccines in the Chinese market that confer good efficacy against this virus by alleviating clinicopathological manifestations and enhancing growth performance in pigs. In addition, diverse experimental PCV2 vaccines with protective efficiency have been developed, including attenuated chimeric, nucleic acid, subunit, multivalent, and viral-vectored vaccines. These experimental vaccines have been shown to be relatively effective in improving the efficiency of pig production and simplifying prevention procedures. Adjuvants can be used to promote vaccines with higher protective immunity. Herein, we review the application of multiple commercial vaccines over the years and research advances in experimental vaccines, which provide the possibility for the development of superior vaccines to successfully prevent and control PCV2 infection in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Veterinary Vaccines)
24 pages, 865 KiB  
Review
Vaccines against Major Poultry Viral Diseases: Strategies to Improve the Breadth and Protective Efficacy
by Rajamanonmani Ravikumar, Janlin Chan and Mookkan Prabakaran
Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061195 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4987
Abstract
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major source of concern for the industry. Mortality and morbidity resulting from an outbreak can cause [...] Read more.
The poultry industry is the largest source of meat and eggs for human consumption worldwide. However, viral outbreaks in farmed stock are a common occurrence and a major source of concern for the industry. Mortality and morbidity resulting from an outbreak can cause significant economic losses with subsequent detrimental impacts on the global food supply chain. Mass vaccination is one of the main strategies for controlling and preventing viral infection in poultry. The development of broadly protective vaccines against avian viral diseases will alleviate selection pressure on field virus strains and simplify vaccination regimens for commercial farms with overall savings in husbandry costs. With the increasing number of emerging and re-emerging viral infectious diseases in the poultry industry, there is an urgent need to understand the strategies for broadening the protective efficacy of the vaccines against distinct viral strains. The current review provides an overview of viral vaccines and vaccination regimens available for common avian viral infections, and strategies for developing safer and more efficacious viral vaccines for poultry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Veterinary Vaccines)
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