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Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2024) | Viewed by 2281

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: urban rainfall runoff; low impact development (LID); urban flooding forecasting; urban flooding control; urban non-point source pollution; combined sewer overflow pollution
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Guest Editor
1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2. School of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
Interests: urban flooding control; stormwater model; optimization; stormwater management; water resources; non-point pollution control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce and invite submissions to this new Special Issue, titled “Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction”.

Extreme rainfalls occur frequently, causing serious urban flooding in recent years. Urban flooding includes local water ponding and road flooding. In addition to the rainfall itself, the factors affecting urban flooding include topography, slope, land use, storm inlets, low impact development facilities, drainage network, storage facilities, river and lake water levels, dam setting and operation, etc. Besides rainfall and terrain, a reasonable adjustment of the factors mentioned above can affect the degree of flood. The prediction and early warning of flood is a task that can be carried out before the occurrence of flood, which requires a real-time, fast, and accurate simulation of flooding events. Traditional hydrological and hydraulic models are extremely time-consuming, especially when it comes to a large scale of simulation. Hence, new simulation and prediction techniques are needed, which include, for example, machine learning. The prevention and control of flooding requires close cooperation from relevant departments such as meteorology, drainage, and water conservancy. It is necessary to build an intelligence platform to connect the work of these departments. The effectiveness of intelligence platforms is an important research topic. The above research content is closely related to the construction of a sponge city.

This Special Issue invites the submission of original research papers or review papers covering the latest findings and progresses in this field. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: urban flooding forecasting; urban flooding control; low impact development (LID); major drainage system; sponge city; machine learning; and intelligence platform. Contributions related to controlling urban floods by applying intelligent techniques will be also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Yongwei Gong
Dr. Zhiyu Shao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urban flooding forecasting
  • urban flooding control
  • urban flooding threshold
  • low impact development (LID)
  • major drainage system
  • sponge city
  • machine learning
  • intelligence platform

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 8263 KiB  
Article
A Structural Optimization of Urban Drainage Systems: An Optimization Approach for Mitigating Urban Floods
by Yukun Zhang, Ersong Wang and Yongwei Gong
Water 2024, 16(12), 1696; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16121696 - 14 Jun 2024
Viewed by 683
Abstract
Urbanization and climate change increasingly challenge urban water management. In this context, the design of stormwater drainage systems, which traditionally relies on historical rainfall records, is being questioned. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to optimizing drainage networks, the upgrading of existing systems [...] Read more.
Urbanization and climate change increasingly challenge urban water management. In this context, the design of stormwater drainage systems, which traditionally relies on historical rainfall records, is being questioned. Although significant efforts have been dedicated to optimizing drainage networks, the upgrading of existing systems remains understudied. This research devised a set of viable stormwater drainage networks, referencing the road network of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City (data from Google Maps). On this basis, utilizing design rainfall data (sourced from the local meteorological center), an extensive array of scenario analyses was conducted. The investigation assessed the performance of implementing two redundancy-based interventions—introducing loops and enlarging pipe diameters—as well as the patterns of flood risk response, and by integrating a multi-objective optimization algorithm, this study proposes a framework for the optimization of grey infrastructure upgrades based on component replacement. The findings suggest that a precise deployment strategy for grey infrastructure is essential. The former improves the effective flow distribution of the drainage system, while the latter enhances its flow capacity, making each intervention suitable for drainage systems with a different degree of centralization. Further research shows that an integrated hybrid scheme brings significant flood risk improvement with strong applicability for most urban drainage systems. The upgrade model proposed in this study could be a valuable initiative, offering theoretical insights for the construction and development of resilient cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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20 pages, 17130 KiB  
Article
Research on the Method of Determining Rainfall Thresholds for Waterlogging Risk in Subway Stations
by Xinxin Xu, Zhuolun Li, Mengge Wang, Haozheng Wang and Yongwei Gong
Water 2024, 16(11), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16111596 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 475
Abstract
With the frequency of extreme rainfall increasing, the risk of waterlogging is significantly exacerbated in subway systems. It is imperative to first identify the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk for subway stations in order to develop effective waterlogging prevention and control plans. This [...] Read more.
With the frequency of extreme rainfall increasing, the risk of waterlogging is significantly exacerbated in subway systems. It is imperative to first identify the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk for subway stations in order to develop effective waterlogging prevention and control plans. This study focuses on Line 11 of the Beijing Subway, using InfoWorks ICM to construct a model of the research area and simulate waterlogging at various subway stations under different rainfall scenarios. The results indicate that there is a risk of waterlogging at Jinanqiao station, Moshikou station, and Beixinan station on Line 11. The accumulated water may enter the subway station through exits A, B, C, and D of Jinanqiao Station. The inlet sequence of Jinanqiao Station always follows A(B), C, and D, and the difference in waterlogging time for each outlet does not exceed 10 min. We derived the rainfall threshold formula for waterlogging risk at Jinanqiao subway station. Among the three influencing factors of topographic features, step height, and drainage capacity of the pipeline network, step height has a significant effect on increasing the rainfall threshold for waterlogging risk. The conclusions obtained can provide reference for the refined management of waterlogging risks in subway stations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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18 pages, 6327 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Rainwater Storage Tanks Based on Different Enabling Rules
by Yongwei Gong, Ge Meng, Kun Tian and Zhuolun Li
Water 2024, 16(5), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050787 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 901
Abstract
A proposed method for analyzing the effectiveness of rainwater storage tanks (RWSTs) based on various enabling rule scenarios has been proposed to address the issue of incomplete strategies and measures for controlling excessive rainwater runoff. Three enabling rules for RWSTs have been proposed, [...] Read more.
A proposed method for analyzing the effectiveness of rainwater storage tanks (RWSTs) based on various enabling rule scenarios has been proposed to address the issue of incomplete strategies and measures for controlling excessive rainwater runoff. Three enabling rules for RWSTs have been proposed, as follows: enabling rule I, which involves activation upon rainfall; enabling rule II, which requires the rainfall intensity to reach a predetermined threshold; and enabling rule III, which necessitates the cumulative rainfall to reach a set threshold. In order to assess the effectiveness of these enabling rules when reducing the total volume of rainwater outflow (TVRO), peak flow rate (PFR), and peak flow velocity (PFV), a comparative analysis was conducted to determine which enabling rule yielded the most optimal control effect. The findings indicate that the enabling rule I is responsible for determining the optimal unit catchment’s rainfall capture volume (UCRCV), which is measured at 300 m3·ha−1. Additionally, the control effect of the TVRO of the RWSTs remains largely unaffected by the peak proportion coefficient. Enabling rule II establishes the optimal activation threshold at a rainfall intensity of 1 mm·min−1; under this enabling rule, RWSTs demonstrate the most effective control over PFR and PFV. Enabling rule III enables the determination of the optimal activation threshold, which is set at a cumulative rainfall of 20 mm; under this enabling rule, the implementation of the RWST technique yields the most effective control over the TVRO. Consequently, the optimal rainwater runoff reduction plan for the study area has been successfully determined, providing valuable guidance for the implementation of scientific and reasonable optimal runoff management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Flooding Control and Sponge City Construction)
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