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Water
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Advanced Technology for Desalination and Water Purification, 2nd Edition
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Advanced Technology for Desalination and Water Purification, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 392

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vasileios Bartzis

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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
Interests: quantum optics; desalination; water purification; fluid mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ioannis Sarris

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
Interests: magnetohydrodynamics; turbulence; nanofluids; convective heat transfer; biological flows
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The climate change that has been widely observed in recent years has brought about a shortage of drinking water in many parts of the world. This phenomenon is very pronounced in Mediterranean countries, which, in the coming decades, will even be faced with desertification, according to experts. A solution for the water supply and irrigation of these areas is desalination, that is, the purification of seawater and brackish water through the removal of sodium and chlorine ions.

At the same time, due to industrial pollution, there is increasing pollution of groundwater, surface water and wastewater with the heavy metal ions used by different industries.

It is therefore vital for the continuation of life on Earth that we develop methods of removing ions from aqueous solutions. In recent decades, methods have been developed that provide solutions to this problem, but at a remarkable cost.

In the first edition of this Special Issue, publications were presented that proposed alternative, innovative, low-cost methods for ion removal from seawater, industrial wastewater, surface water and groundwater; although not necessarily large-scale solutions, these may be useful to small groups or individuals creating clean water.
The above subject is still not only a current issue but becoming more and more popular, which has prompted us to establish the second edition of this Special Issue. We invite articles related to this topic contributing to this Special Issue.

Dr. Vasileios Bartzis
Prof. Dr. Ioannis Sarris
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electric field
  • ion drift
  • desalination
  • water purification
  • heavy metals
  • low-cost purification
  • ecosystem services
  • water quality
  • solar distiller

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 5516 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Steric Effects on Ion Removal of Water Solutions under the Influence of an Electric Field
by Vasileios Bartzis, Nikolaos Merlemis, Georgios Ninos and Ioannis E. Sarris
Water 2024, 16(14), 1983; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16141983 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 232
Abstract
In this study, we examine the movement of ions that are in a water solution which flows along a duct, due to the existence of an electric field, taking into account the size of the ions, a phenomenon known as the steric effect. [...] Read more.
In this study, we examine the movement of ions that are in a water solution which flows along a duct, due to the existence of an electric field, taking into account the size of the ions, a phenomenon known as the steric effect. We compare the results from the above model with the classical one (the one that uses the Boltzmann distribution where ions are considered dimensionless) for various parameters such as surface charge density, electric field and differential capacitance. It is shown that for dilute water solutions (1019 − 1024 ions/m3 final concentration at the center of the duct), with ions of valence z = 1 (let us say saline water), steric effects become important for potentials greater than 1 V, and the phenomenon is more pronounced at higher concentrations. Furthermore, the steric effect model is applied to the calculation of the percentage of reduction in ion concentration in the main volume of the solution as a function of duct width for various electrode potentials and initial ion concentrations. Removal times are also calculated using Modified PNP equations which take into account steric effects. It is found that with a potential of 2.6 V, a 96% reduction in ions is achieved in the main volume of the solution for duct width 0.1 mm for 1021 ions/m3 final concentration at the center of the duct within approximately 1.6 s, while the percentage drops to 80% for duct width 1 mm. For smaller potentials, no noticeable decrease in concentration is observed, while for higher potentials, there are more impressive results, but we must be very careful because there is the case of other electrochemical phenomena taking place. The results are better when reducing the width of the duct, but relatively large widths are considered for the method to be practically applicable. With the increase in the concentration of the ions, their reduction percentage in the main volume of the solution decreases but remains significant up to 1023 ions/m3 final concentration at the center of the duct. In addition, the completion time is shown to be proportional to the duct width. Therefore, for example, with the other parameters the same (2.6 V, 1021 ions/m3) but with L ~ 1 mm, the completion time can be estimated to be approximately 16 s. This observation enables us to estimate the completion time for different duct widths, eliminating the need for repeated numerical computation of the MPNP equations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technology for Desalination and Water Purification, 2nd Edition)
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