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Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice
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Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 25561

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alexis Maineult

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNRS-Sorbonne Université
Interests: near-surface geophysics; hydrogeophysics; electrical and hydraulic properties of rocks; transport; electrical methods; induced polarization; self-potential; laboratory experiments; pore network simulations; inverse problem and optimization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the context of the increasing scarcity of water resources, the detailed characterization of aquifers, in terms of structure, but also in terms of dynamics of the flows that take place inside them, is a crucial issue. The classical hydrological techniques used to determine the hydraulic transmissivity and the storage capacity of the aquifers (in particular pumping tests or tracer tests), even always necessary, require the implementation of wells, which are costly and provide data that are only punctual in space and integrated on large volumes.

During the two last decades, the use of surface geophysical measurements for hydrogeological purposes has developed significantly. Indeed, the geophysical prospection can give additional and fine information about the underground medium between the wells, provided that the petrophysical relationships, which allow the measured geophysical parameters to be converted into hydrological parameters, are known.

This Special Issue aims to bring together the most recent works on the application of surface geophysical methods for a hydrogeological purpose—for instance, for the fine characterization of the structure of aquifers and hydraulic flows inside them, or for the localization and delineation of pollutant plumes. Without being exhaustive, the concerned methods are electromagnetics (e.g., time–domain electromagnetics, radar), active electrical methods (e.g., electrical resistivity tomography and induced polarization) or passive electrical methods (spontaneous potential), nuclear magnetic resonance; or even microgravimetry. Contributions focusing on the petrophysical laws (experimental measurements as well as theoretical models) are also welcome.

Dr. Alexis Maineult
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Hydrogeology
  • Aquifer properties
  • Underground hydraulic fluxes
  • Underground mass transfer
  • Contaminant plumes
  • Hydrogeophysics
  • Near-surface geophysics
  • Geophysical methods

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
A Physically Based Model for the Streaming Potential Coupling Coefficient in Partially Saturated Porous Media
by Luong Duy Thanh, Damien Jougnot, Phan Van Do, Nguyen Xuan Ca and Nguyen Thi Hien
Water 2020, 12(6), 1588; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061588 - 3 Jun 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3195
Abstract
The electrokinetics methods have great potential to characterize hydrogeological processes in porous media, especially in complex partially saturated hydrosystems (e.g., the vadose zone). The dependence of the streaming coupling coefficient on water saturation remains highly debated in both theoretical and experimental works. In [...] Read more.
The electrokinetics methods have great potential to characterize hydrogeological processes in porous media, especially in complex partially saturated hydrosystems (e.g., the vadose zone). The dependence of the streaming coupling coefficient on water saturation remains highly debated in both theoretical and experimental works. In this work, we propose a physically based model for the streaming potential coupling coefficient in porous media during the flow of water and air under partially saturated conditions. The proposed model is linked to fluid electrical conductivity, water saturation, irreducible water saturation, and microstructural parameters of porous materials. In particular, the surface conductivity of porous media has been taken into account in the model. In addition, we also obtain an expression for the characteristic length scale at full saturation in this work. The proposed model is successfully validated using experimental data from literature. A relationship between the streaming potential coupling coefficient and the effective excess charge density is also obtained in this work and the result is the same as those proposed in literature using different approaches. The model proposes a simple and efficient way to model the streaming potential generation for partially saturated porous media and can be useful for hydrogeophysical studies in the critical zone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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23 pages, 7429 KiB  
Article
3D Characterization of a Coastal Freshwater Aquifer in SE Malta (Mediterranean Sea) by Time-Domain Electromagnetics
by Potpreecha Pondthai, Mark E. Everett, Aaron Micallef, Bradley A. Weymer, Zahra Faghih, Amir Haroon and Marion Jegen
Water 2020, 12(6), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061566 - 30 May 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4053
Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are well equipped to distinguish electrical resistivity contrasts between freshwater-saturated and seawater-saturated formations. Beneath the semi-arid, rapidly urbanizing island of Malta, offshore groundwater is an important potential resource but it is not known whether the regional mean sea-level aquifer [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods are well equipped to distinguish electrical resistivity contrasts between freshwater-saturated and seawater-saturated formations. Beneath the semi-arid, rapidly urbanizing island of Malta, offshore groundwater is an important potential resource but it is not known whether the regional mean sea-level aquifer (MSLA) extends offshore. To address this uncertainty, land-based alongshore and across-shore time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) responses were acquired with the G-TEM instrument (Geonics Ltd., Mississauga, ON, Canada) and used to map the onshore structure of the aquifer. 1-D inversion results suggest that the onshore freshwater aquifer resides at 4–24 m depth, underlain by seawater-saturated formations. The freshwater aquifer thickens with distance from the coastline. We present 2D and 3D electromagnetic forward modeling based on finite-element (FE) analysis to further constrain the subsurface geometry of the onshore freshwater body. We interpret the high resistivity zones that as brackish water-saturated bodies are associated with the mean sea-level aquifer. Generally, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) results provide valuable onshore hydrogeological information, which can be augmented with marine and coastal transition-zone measurements to assess potential hydraulic continuity of terrestrial aquifers extending offshore. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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25 pages, 13026 KiB  
Article
Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium
by Agathe Defourny, Frédéric Nguyen, Arnaud Collignon, Patrick Jobé, Alain Dassargues and Thomas Kremer
Water 2020, 12(5), 1394; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051394 - 14 May 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3781
Abstract
CO 2 -rich mineral groundwaters are of great economic and touristic interest but their origin and circulation paths in the underground are often poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the system plumbery and the development of non—to minimally—invasive near-surface geophysical methods for the [...] Read more.
CO 2 -rich mineral groundwaters are of great economic and touristic interest but their origin and circulation paths in the underground are often poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the system plumbery and the development of non—to minimally—invasive near-surface geophysical methods for the prospection of potential productive areas is therefore of great interest to manage future supply. The objective of this contribution is to assess the ability of the time-domain induced polarization (TDIP) method, combined with the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method, to make the distinction between CO 2 -rich groundwater from non-gaseous groundwater. Three combined ERT/TDIP tomographies were performed above known uplift zones in the south-east of Belgium where thousands of CO 2 -rich groundwater springs exist. On all profiles, important contrasts in both electrical resistivity and chargeability distributions were observed in the vicinity of the upflow zone, also reflected in the normalized chargeability sections computed from the measured data. Low resistivity vertical anomalies extending in depth were interpreted as a saturated fracture network enabling the upflow of deep groundwater to the surface. High chargeability anomalies appearing directly close to the CO 2 -rich groundwater springs were inferred to metallic oxides and hydroxides precipitation in the upper part of the aquifer, linked to pressure decrease and changing redox conditions in the up-flowing groundwater approaching the land surface. The combined interpretation of electrical resistivity and induced polarization datasets provides a very promising method for a robust prospection of CO 2 -rich groundwater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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18 pages, 9280 KiB  
Article
Time-Lapse Seismic and Electrical Monitoring of the Vadose Zone during a Controlled Infiltration Experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory, France
by Lara A. Blazevic, Ludovic Bodet, Sylvain Pasquet, Niklas Linde, Damien Jougnot and Laurent Longuevergne
Water 2020, 12(5), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12051230 - 25 Apr 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5301
Abstract
The vadose zone is the main host of surface and subsurface water exchange and has important implications for ecosystems functioning, climate sciences, geotechnical engineering, and water availability issues. Geophysics provides a means for investigating the subsurface in a non-invasive way and at larger [...] Read more.
The vadose zone is the main host of surface and subsurface water exchange and has important implications for ecosystems functioning, climate sciences, geotechnical engineering, and water availability issues. Geophysics provides a means for investigating the subsurface in a non-invasive way and at larger spatial scales than conventional hydrological sensors. Time-lapse hydrogeophysical applications are especially useful for monitoring flow and water content dynamics. Largely dominated by electrical and electromagnetic methods, such applications increasingly rely on seismic methods as a complementary approach to describe the structure and behavior of the vadose zone. To further explore the applicability of active seismics to retrieve quantitative information about dynamic processes in near-surface time-lapse settings, we designed a controlled water infiltration experiment at the Ploemeur Hydrological Observatory (France) during which successive periods of infiltration were followed by surface-based seismic and electrical resistivity acquisitions. Water content was monitored throughout the experiment by means of sensors at different depths to relate the derived seismic and electrical properties to water saturation changes. We observe comparable trends in the electrical and seismic responses during the experiment, highlighting the utility of the seismic method to monitor hydrological processes and unsaturated flow. Moreover, petrophysical relationships seem promising in providing quantitative results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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25 pages, 14601 KiB  
Article
Contribution of Full Wave Acoustic Logging to the Detection and Prediction of Karstic Bodies
by Jean-Luc MARI, Gilles POREL and Frederick DELAY
Water 2020, 12(4), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040948 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3438
Abstract
A 3D seismic survey was done on a near surface karstic reservoir located at the hydrogeological experimental site (HES) of the University of Poitiers (France). The processing of the 3D data led to obtaining a 3D velocity block in depth. The velocity block [...] Read more.
A 3D seismic survey was done on a near surface karstic reservoir located at the hydrogeological experimental site (HES) of the University of Poitiers (France). The processing of the 3D data led to obtaining a 3D velocity block in depth. The velocity block was converted in pseudo porosity. The resulting 3D seismic pseudo-porosity block reveals three high-porosity, presumably-water-productive layers, at depths of 30–40, 85–87 and 110–115 m. This paper shows how full wave acoustic logging (FWAL) can be used to validate the results obtained from the 3D seismic survey if the karstic body has a lateral extension over several seismic. If karstic bodies have a small extension, FWAL in open hole can be fruitfully used to: detect highly permeable bodies, thanks to measurements of acoustic energy and attenuation; detect the presence of karstic bodies characterized by a very strong attenuation of the different wave trains and a loss of continuity of acoustic sections; confirm the results obtained by vertical seismic profile (VSP) data. The field example also shows that acoustic attenuation of the total wavefield as well as conversion of downward-going P-wave in Stoneley waves observed on VSP data are strongly correlated with the presence of flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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14 pages, 5340 KiB  
Article
Delineation of Seawater Intrusion Using Geo-Electrical Survey in a Coastal Aquifer of Kamala Beach, Phuket, Thailand
by Sakanann Vann, Avirut Puttiwongrak, Thongchai Suteerasak and Werapong Koedsin
Water 2020, 12(2), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020506 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 4361
Abstract
The coastal areas of Phuket Island are facing the risk of seawater intrusion, because intense anthropic activity due to urbanization and the expansion of tourism influences coastal hydrologic systems. Indeed, the Kamala sub-district—on the western part of Phuket Island—is a well-known and attractive [...] Read more.
The coastal areas of Phuket Island are facing the risk of seawater intrusion, because intense anthropic activity due to urbanization and the expansion of tourism influences coastal hydrologic systems. Indeed, the Kamala sub-district—on the western part of Phuket Island—is a well-known and attractive destination for tourists. Previous research indicates that there is likely to be a seawater intrusion in Kamala. The main purpose of this study was to delineate the seawater intrusion problem in a coastal aquifer in Kamala. Geo-electrical surveys of four lines were successfully conducted in the study area. Two-dimensional (2D) inversion models from the resistivity data show high-resolution subsurface resistivity anomalies of seawater intrusion. The concentration of the seawater intrusion decreases eastward toward the inland areas. Based on a sample measurement, the contaminated zone of seawater has a resistivity value smaller than 30 Ohm-m, and the empirical relationship between the formation conductivity and fluid conductivity of the study area was established. Finally, time-lapse Electrical Resistivity Imaging (time-lapse ERI) was conducted to prove that there was no presence of clay layers in study area; thus, the low resistivity plumes (smaller than 30 Ohm-m) were scientifically interpreted as being seawater intrusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological Practice)
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