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Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture
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Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 15574

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Felipe Aguado Giménez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Spanish Institute of Oceanography "El Bocal" Marine Aquaculture Center Barrio Corbanera s/n. 39012 Monte (Santander) Cantabria
Interests: cage fish farming; diversification; environmental impact; feeding strategies; IMTA; macrobenthos; mitigation; monitoring; recovery; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Among food production sectors, aquaculture has achieved the most significant growth for the last decade. However, aquaculture needs to be developed even further to alleviate the gap between declining fishery catches and global demand for seafood. As with all food production, aquaculture has the capacity to cause environmental and social impacts which alter the provision of ecosystem function or give benefical effects through the delivery of new ecosystem services. Consequently, aquaculture growth and development should be planned through an ecosystem approach to ensure wider environmental sustainability. Such an approach requires appropriate tools to facilitate policy- and decision-making processes, in a holistic way, leading to efficient frameworks for regulation and governance that ultimately ensure responsible aquaculture. Considering the huge variety of farming systems and environments in which aquaculture occurs, priorities should focus on the management of environmental interactions and any consequent response of local and wider ecosystems. To do so requires use of tools and predictive models to assess existing and future environmental impacts or interactions.

Conversely, husbandry and feeding practices can also play a significant role in the emergence of impacts from organic wastes, medicines, escapees or other pollutants. In the case of feed supply-based aquaculture, therefore, the behaviour of the cultured organisms should be considered to optimise the rearing process while minimising waste production and impact at the local and global scale.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent advances in the knowledge of aquaculture environment interactions. It will bring forward a wide variety of aspects, including: (i) modelling tools for spatial planning, carrying capacity, risk assessment, environmental impact and monitoring, (ii) benthic and planktonic response to disturbances, (iii) interactions with wild fauna; (iv) mitigation, remediation and recovery, (v) life cycle assessment, (vi) improvements in on-farm feeding strategies and (vii) climate change.

Dr. Felipe Aguado Giménez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aquaculture environment interactions
  • carrying capacity
  • ecosystem approach
  • feeding strategies
  • impact assessment
  • monitoring
  • predictive models
  • management tools, ecosystem services

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1585 KiB  
Article
Influence of Suspended Mussel Aquaculture and an Associated Invasive Ascidian on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities
by Lisa Robichaud, Philippe Archambault, Gaston Desrosiers and Christopher W. McKindsey
Water 2022, 14(17), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14172751 - 3 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Many benthic macroinvertebrates are associated with cultured bivalves but are normally excluded from studies on the environmental effects of bivalve aquacultures. We evaluated the hypothesis that mussel aquaculture increases overall “benthic” macroinvertebrate productivity by considering both sediment- and mussel sock-associated macroinvertebrates. It was [...] Read more.
Many benthic macroinvertebrates are associated with cultured bivalves but are normally excluded from studies on the environmental effects of bivalve aquacultures. We evaluated the hypothesis that mussel aquaculture increases overall “benthic” macroinvertebrate productivity by considering both sediment- and mussel sock-associated macroinvertebrates. It was predicted that the presence of the invasive ascidian Styela clava would increase this effect by increasing the mussel sock’s biogenic structure. Macroinvertebrates in sediments and on mussel socks were sampled in eight bays on Prince Edward Island, Canada: three were invaded by Styela clava and there were five where it was absent. Infaunal macroinvertebrates associated with benthic sediments (sediment macroinvertebrates) within leases were less abundant relative to the control locations outside of leases and showed a trend towards decreased biomass and productivity. Abundance of mussel sock-associated macroinvertebrates was greater in bays with S. clava than in bays without it. When sediment and mussel sock macroinvertebrates were considered together as “benthic” communities within mussel leases and compared to sediment macroinvertebrate communities outside of leases, “benthic” macroinvertebrate abundance, biomass, and productivity were greater inside mussel leases than in areas outside of them. The presence of S. clava did not influence this trend. Although the ecological role of the macroinvertebrates associated with suspended mussels is likely not equivalent to those associated with benthic sediments, the presence of macroinvertebrates on suspended mussels, in some measure, offsets the impacts on the abundance, biomass, and productivity of macroinvertebrate communities at the farm-scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture)
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13 pages, 1589 KiB  
Article
Influence of Production Strategy on Gross Waste Output and Temporal Pattern of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Farming: Implications for Environmental Management
by Felipe Aguado-Giménez, Mateo Ballester-Moltó and Benjamín García-García
Water 2022, 14(5), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050788 - 2 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2110
Abstract
This study compares the farm management model used in the Mediterranean gilthead seabream (GHSB; Sparus aurata) industry (S1)—stepped entry of juveniles throughout the year with several production cycles and fish ages overlapping in a single farm—with that used in the salmon industry [...] Read more.
This study compares the farm management model used in the Mediterranean gilthead seabream (GHSB; Sparus aurata) industry (S1)—stepped entry of juveniles throughout the year with several production cycles and fish ages overlapping in a single farm—with that used in the salmon industry (S2)—the whole is farm filled with fish that are the same age at once with a fallowing period between rearing cycles—in terms of waste production by coupling digestibility coefficients with growth, feeding, and eating behavior models into a mass balance model. We considered the total C, N, and P content in the different waste fractions (particulate and dissolved wastes). The model, which simulated real farming conditions, showed relevant quantitative and qualitative differences between both strategies, with stocked biomass and water temperature as the main drivers, the amount of feed wasted by chewing as the most relevant fraction differentiating both strategies, and the fallowing period as the main distinguishing management feature. We discuss the influence of both farming strategies on some key performance and environmental aspects, such as benthic recovery, the breakdown of the life cycle of pathogens, and adaptability to climate change. Our results suggest that changing the GHSB industry’s production model is necessary for its sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture)
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16 pages, 683 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Assessment of White Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Production in Super-Intensive System in the Municipality of San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico
by Favio Andrés Noguera-Muñoz, Benjamín García García, Jesús Trinidad Ponce-Palafox, Omar Wicab-Gutierrez, Sergio Gustavo Castillo-Vargasmachuca and José García García
Water 2021, 13(3), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13030304 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3907
Abstract
The super-intensive white shrimp system is more productive (t ha−1) than traditional systems. However, it implies greater investment in infrastructure and machinery, a continuous supply of electricity, and a specialized workforce. Therefore, the sustainability of a shrimp farm model operating in [...] Read more.
The super-intensive white shrimp system is more productive (t ha−1) than traditional systems. However, it implies greater investment in infrastructure and machinery, a continuous supply of electricity, and a specialized workforce. Therefore, the sustainability of a shrimp farm model operating in a super-intensive system in Nayarit (Mexico) was evaluated using financial analysis and life cycle assessment. The investment is important, but the fixed costs (16%) are much lower than variable costs (84%). The super-intensive farm is economically viable, with an overall profitability (29%) that is higher than that of other agri-food activities in Mexico. It is also an activity that generates a lot of employment, in relative terms, as well as economic movement in the area. The potential environmental impacts are higher than those registered in semi-intensive shrimp systems but slightly lower than those registered in intensive systems. The estimated global warming value per kg of shrimp is 5.08 kg CO2-eq, an intermediate value. Also, as the shrimp production is much higher than in traditional systems, it could have a great and positive impact on the maintenance and regeneration of the mangrove ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture)
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17 pages, 3505 KiB  
Article
Assignment of Gilthead Seabream Sparus aurata to Its Origin through Scale Shape and Microchemistry Composition: Management Implications for Aquaculture Escapees
by Tanja Šegvić-Bubić, Igor Talijančić, Lena Vulić, Branimir Šegvić, Iva Žužul, Ivana Radonić and Leon Grubišić
Water 2020, 12(11), 3186; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113186 - 14 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2360
Abstract
This study tests the suitability of the gilthead seabream scales as a proxy for origin selection in wild and anthropogenically pressured environments. Scale morphology and microchemistry were used to discriminate the habitat selection of two wild, farmed and wild farm-associated populations where landmark [...] Read more.
This study tests the suitability of the gilthead seabream scales as a proxy for origin selection in wild and anthropogenically pressured environments. Scale morphology and microchemistry were used to discriminate the habitat selection of two wild, farmed and wild farm-associated populations where landmark and outline-based scale morphometrics, trace-element chemistry and scale microstructure characteristics were analysed. The morphometric techniques successfully differentiated between the farmed and wild origin scale phenotypes. Reduced discrimination sensitivity between the wild and wild farm-associated origin was, however, reported. The discrimination based on microchemistry (B, Ba, Mn, K, Sr and Zn) classified the scales with high accuracy according to their origin (wild vs. farmed vs. wild farm-associated) and sampling locations, thus proving itself as a powerful tool in provenance study of gilthead seabream. Disparity in scale microstructure characteristics accounted for radii, circuli and inter-circulus spacing, hence unveiling the differences in growth and environmental conditions between the wild and farmed fish. In brief, scale shape was found to be a potent exploration tool for farmed fish identification, whereas scale microchemistry yielded a good resolution in identifying gilthead seabream membership among different habitats. Considering the importance of this species in aquaculture and fisheries throughout the Mediterranean, more research is needed to assess the usefulness of scales as nonlethal biogeochemical tags. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture)
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22 pages, 3981 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feed Delivery Rate and Pellet Size on Rearing Performance, Feed Wastage and Economic Profitability in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus Aurata) Ongrowing
by Felipe Aguado-Giménez
Water 2020, 12(4), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12040954 - 27 Mar 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4079
Abstract
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) displays a particular eating behaviour that involves considerable oral manipulation and feed waste. We assess the influence of feed delivery rate and pellet size on seabream growth and size variability, feed wastage and economic profitability for a [...] Read more.
Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) displays a particular eating behaviour that involves considerable oral manipulation and feed waste. We assess the influence of feed delivery rate and pellet size on seabream growth and size variability, feed wastage and economic profitability for a full production cycle. Batches of seabream were fed twice a day according to three different treatments (T1, T2, T3). T1 and T2 fish were fed with the same regime of pellet sizes: 2 mm pellets until the fish reached 0.1 kg, and 4 mm pellets from then on; the feeding rate in T1 was twice that of T2 (20 and 10 g min−1, respectively). T3 fish were fed with pellets of 2 mm until they reached 0.07 kg, with pellets of 4 mm until the fish reached 0.22 kg, and with 6 mm pellets from then on, with a feeding rate of 10 g min−1. T2 showed increased growth, low variability in fish size during the ongrowing and at harvest, less feed wastage both related to the delivery and the chewing behaviour, lower feed costs and improved profitability. Seabream wasted more feed during the second meal. Controlling the feeding process is essential to reduce wastage and increase profitability, which can be achieved by process monitoring and suitable feed pellet management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Environmental Interactions of Marine Aquaculture)
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