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Groundwater Hydrological Processes and Ecological Effects in Arid and Semi-Arid...
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Groundwater Hydrological Processes and Ecological Effects in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 7833

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Zaiyong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
Interests: groundwater; numerical model; hydrology; vadose zone; eco-hydrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Approximately one-third of the world's land is located in arid and semi-arid areas, and drought affects nearly half of all countries by varying degrees. These regions have low precipitation, high evaporation, scarce surface water, and a fragile ecological environment. Groundwater plays a significant role in maintaining industrial and agricultural production and human and livestock drinking, as well as controlling the transformation of "pattern-dynamic-scale" in the biophysical environment (Wang et al., 2013). However, groundwater management is facing unprecedented challenges. For example, in the Shiyang River Basin, China, the groundwater recharge reached an estimated 1.58 billion m3 in the 1950s, decreased to 0.98 billion m3 in 1970, and decreased to 0.75 billion m3 in 1990 (Ma et al., 2005). Hydrological processes and ecological effects in arid and semi-arid regions are currently insufficiently clear.

To fill these substantial knowledge gaps, this Special Issue of Water, titled “Groundwater hydrological processes and ecological effects in arid and semi-arid regions”, is devoted primarily to (1) evaluation of the impact of environmental changes on groundwater resources; (2) intensifying study of the mechanisms of groundwater recharge; (3) advances in the numerical modeling of groundwater. We invite theoretical, experimental, and applied papers related to hydrological processes, which utilize various datasets and interdisciplinary scientific knowledge.

Dr. Zaiyong Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • groundwater
  • numerical modeling
  • hydrological processes
  • arid and semi-arid

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 5334 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulation and Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Foundation Pit Dewatering under a Coupled Radial Well and Curtain
by Shaoshao Du, Peng Liu, Wei Wang, Wei Shi, Qi Li, Jianhua Li and Jiaqi Li
Water 2023, 15(10), 1839; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15101839 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1827
Abstract
It is crucial to use a suitable dewatering technique to prevent land subsidence and substantial decreases in groundwater levels caused by the dewatering of groundwater during the construction of underground projects. Therefore, in this study, a generalized three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow [...] Read more.
It is crucial to use a suitable dewatering technique to prevent land subsidence and substantial decreases in groundwater levels caused by the dewatering of groundwater during the construction of underground projects. Therefore, in this study, a generalized three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow was implemented for an underground station pit project. The dewatering efficiency of the coupled radial well-curtain method was investigated and compared with that of a traditional method. In addition, the influence of different structures and parameters (radial pipe diameter, conductance, number of radial pipes, and shaft drawdown) on the dewatering efficiency was assessed. The results showed the following: (1) radial wells caused less disturbance to the groundwater seepage field and extracted less groundwater during the dewatering process compared with pumping wells; (2) the structure and parameters of the radial wells positively correlated with the dewatering efficiency; (3) the curtain improved the dewatering efficiency, resulting in lower amounts of groundwater discharged and less disturbance to the groundwater flow field; and (4) the coupled radial well-curtain method is an efficient dewatering method that could effectively prevent the lowering of groundwater level outside the foundation pit, thus reducing the risk of land subsidence in the surrounding area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Hydrological Processes and Ecological Effects in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions)
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15 pages, 3734 KiB  
Article
Estimating Hydraulic Parameters of Aquifers Using Type Curve Analysis of Pumping Tests with Piecewise-Constant Rates
by Yabing Li, Zhifang Zhou, Chao Zhuang and Zhi Dou
Water 2023, 15(9), 1661; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15091661 - 24 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3179
Abstract
Aquifer hydraulic parameters play a critical role in investigating various groundwater hydrology problems (e.g., groundwater depletion and groundwater transport), and the Theis formula for constant-rate pumping tests is commonly used to estimate them. However, the pumping rate in the field usually varies with [...] Read more.
Aquifer hydraulic parameters play a critical role in investigating various groundwater hydrology problems (e.g., groundwater depletion and groundwater transport), and the Theis formula for constant-rate pumping tests is commonly used to estimate them. However, the pumping rate in the field usually varies with time due to some factors, making the classical constant-rate model unsuitable for accurate parameter estimation. To address this issue, we developed a novel dimensionless-form analytical solution for variable-rate pumping tests involving piecewise-constant approximations for variable pumping rates. Analysis of the time–drawdown curves revealed that the first-step type curve was consistent with the Theis curve. However, the curves of subsequent steps deviated from the Theis curve and were associated with the first dimensionless inflection time (t1,D), which depended on the hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss) of the confined aquifers. On this basis, a new type curve method for estimating the aquifer K and Ss was proposed by matching the observed drawdown data with a series of type curves dependent on t1,D. Furthermore, this method can handle recovery drawdown data. We applied this method to a field site in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China, by analyzing the drawdown data from four pumping tests. The hydraulic parameters estimated using this method were in close agreement with those calibrated via PEST. The calibrated K values were further validated by comparing them with lithology-based results. In summary, the geometric means of K and Ss were 6.62 m/d and 3.16 × 10−5 m−1 for the first confined aquifer and 0.92 m/d and 2.34 × 10−4 m−1 for the second confined aquifer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Hydrological Processes and Ecological Effects in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions)
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11 pages, 1505 KiB  
Article
Advancement of a Liquid Scintillation Counter and Semiconductor Alpha Spectroscopy Detector to Estimate the Radon Concentration in Groundwater
by Al Mamun and Amira Salman Alazmi
Water 2022, 14(23), 3849; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233849 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2456
Abstract
Radon is one of the most natural forms of radiation for human exposure. However, high-accuracy measurement of natural radon in water samples is very challenging due to the background correction, data acquisition, and sampling time. Liquid scintillation counter (LSC) and semiconductor alpha spectroscopy [...] Read more.
Radon is one of the most natural forms of radiation for human exposure. However, high-accuracy measurement of natural radon in water samples is very challenging due to the background correction, data acquisition, and sampling time. Liquid scintillation counter (LSC) and semiconductor alpha spectroscopy detectors are the most commonly used methods of determining radon concentration in water. The present study utilizes both methods to estimate radon in groundwater collected from various locations in the northeast region of Saudi Arabia. The estimated radon concentrations using Hidex 300SL are compared with a Durridge RAD7 detector to evaluate each apparatus’s abilities, advantages, and disadvantages. Both methods show radon concentrations between 0.1 and 3.20 Bq/L with an average of 0.96 Bq/L, with a standard deviation of 0.82 Bq/L. The estimated values are found to be in the safe limit recommended by the USEPA and EAEC and are far below the safe level recommended by UNSCEAR and the WHO. Comparing the estimated radon concentration using the two methods shows that although the two devices have many advantages and disadvantages based on the two different techniques, the experimental results are almost the same with experimental error. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Groundwater Hydrological Processes and Ecological Effects in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions)
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