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Innovative Approaches in Flood Forecasting and Modeling for Risk Mitigation

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 1022

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Energy Engineering, Department of Hydraulics, Hydraulic Machines and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 313 Spl. Independentei, Sect. 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: open channel hydraulics; hydrology; hydraulic modeling; hydrodynamic modeling; sediment transport; water resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Flood forecasting and modeling have greatly evolved in the last decade, integrating GIS (Geographic Information System) and remote sensing technology for data acquisition and exchange, modern modeling techniques and improved dissemination of their results for the best management and mitigation of flood risk. Cutting-edge technology and innovative approaches in the field of flood risk have enhanced the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of flood forecasting and modeling systems.

The aim of this Special Issue is to show how implementing such techniques could lead to more effective flood risk management and better protection of communities worldwide, especially in the actual context of climate change and increased urbanization. The following research directions are only a few examples in this field.

Using remote sensing satellites for large-scale hydrological data collection and drones for localized, high-resolution data in critical areas has become very important for real-time flood monitoring and prediction. Technology has evolved to have high accuracy in flood detection and continuous monitoring in remote areas with crowdsourced data from mobile apps and social media, for faster response to potential threats.

Besides traditional hydrological models, AI techniques are being used to predict rainfall events that lead to floods. Deep learning models can be trained to use historical rainfall data, meteorological conditions, and weather radar data to identify patterns that precede heavy rainfall. These models seem to have improved accuracy in flash flood predictions, faster computational speed, and are better able to handle complex weather patterns.

Modern hydrodynamic models simulate how water flows under various conditions through the 3D digital twins of the landscapes, river basins, channels or urban areas created using GIS data, satellite imagery, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). They can incorporate different flood scenarios by adjusting factors like precipitation, discharge, terrain, or changing infrastructure. In urban areas, multi-scale modeling approaches may integrate 1D models (for drainage systems) with 2D and 3D models (for surface water flows) to provide detailed flood forecasts.

Dr. Daniela Gogoase Nistoran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • hydrological and hydraulic models
  • data driven models
  • flood mapping
  • urban floods
  • climate change
  • remote sensing
  • flood forecasting
  • flood risk

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 36263 KiB  
Article
Characteristics and Comparative Assessment of Flash Flood Hazard Evaluation Techniques: Insights from Wadi Haily Basin, Eastern Red Sea Coast, Saudi Arabia
by Bashar Bashir and Abdullah Alsalman
Water 2024, 16(24), 3634; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243634 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 639
Abstract
The Wadi Haily basin in southwest Saudi Arabia, which runs along the Red Sea coast, serves as an ideal natural laboratory for understanding flash flood dynamics in this region. However, limited morphometric and hydrological data are currently available in this area. This study [...] Read more.
The Wadi Haily basin in southwest Saudi Arabia, which runs along the Red Sea coast, serves as an ideal natural laboratory for understanding flash flood dynamics in this region. However, limited morphometric and hydrological data are currently available in this area. This study aims to analyze key morphometric effective parameters to examine and assess flash flood risk potential within the basin. Using remote sensing, GIS, geological, and topographical datasets, this research combines advanced modeling and GIS tools to produce detailed flood hazard maps and risk assessments. This study examines 15 sub-basins of varying sizes, characterized by primary stream orders ranging from 4th to 8th. Based on morphometric analysis, the basins are categorized by flood susceptibility: four basins have a low flood risk, five exhibit moderate risk, and six are highly susceptible to flooding. Key findings indicate that the study area features a vast drainage area, high grid cell values of the drainage frequency, moderate drainage density, elongated basin shapes, low infiltration rates, and long overland flow distances, all suggesting a heightened flood hazard. Additional indicators include high values in gradient ratios, slopes, ruggedness numbers, relief ratios, and basin relief, reinforcing the basin’s flash flood vulnerability. This study provides a comprehensive morphological framework that can support strategic flood management and hazard mitigation planning for the Wadi Haily region. Full article
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