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Water
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Aquatic Engineering Enhancing Natural Biological Production and Purification Processes
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Aquatic Engineering Enhancing Natural Biological Production and Purification Processes

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 7822

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sohei Kobayashi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Interests: rivers; habitats; benthic invertebrates; riverbed; hydraulics; eutrophication; ecological engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic ecosystems have various roles known as ecosystem services that benefit humanity, such as providing/regulating biodiversity, food resources, and the environment. To sustainably gain such benefits, we have to not only perform restoration, but also understand the potential ability of ecosystems, stimulate activities of indigenous organisms, and suitably harvest overgrown/decommissioned organisms to enhance turnover. Our aim is to gather traditional and new aquatic engineering techniques and related knowledge on enhancing biological production and nutrients/organic removal processes in natural aquatic systems, and to discuss key organisms, habitats, resources, and ecosystem processes for the further development of engineering techniques. Examples include water circulation in stagnant water bodies that increases activities of aerobic organisms, installation of woody materials as substrates/habitats for sedential and benthic organisms, sediment replenishment that increases natural filtration processes, hydraulic flashing of overgrown biofilm, flow-guiding structures that increase spatial connectivity and migration of biota, and devices to mitigate severe thermal conditions and hydrologic disturbances to increase the survival and growth of organisms.

Dr. Sohei Kobayashi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Ecosystem services
  • Purification process
  • Production
  • Nutrient removal
  • Organic degradation
  • Hydraulic structures
  • Sediment replenishment
  • Water circulation
  • Habitats
  • Hydrogeomorphology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3434 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Water Quality by Light-Emitting Diode Illumination at the Bottom of a Field Experimental Pond
by Yasushi Iseri, Aimin Hao, Tomokazu Haraguchi, Tetsuya Oishi, Takahiro Kuba, Koji Asai and Sohei Kobayashi
Water 2022, 14(15), 2310; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152310 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
Remediation of water quality by stimulating algal photosynthesis using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted attention, but few studies have examined this in outdoor freshwater environments. To understand the effects of LED illumination on water quality, the dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, and electric [...] Read more.
Remediation of water quality by stimulating algal photosynthesis using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has attracted attention, but few studies have examined this in outdoor freshwater environments. To understand the effects of LED illumination on water quality, the dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, and electric conductivity were monitored over 5 months in three depressions with or without a red/blue LED light at the bottom of an experimental pond. The effects of the blue LED on water quality were evident in the period with less rainfall after the change of water quality to an equilibrium state; DO and pH were higher, and EC was lower for the blue LED than for the control. The diel changes of these variables were also lower for the blue LED. The effects of the red LED on DO and pH were also evident, but to a lesser extent compared to those of the blue LED. A vertical mixing of water associated with a nighttime cooling of the surface water was suggested by a rapid DO increase after a temperature decrease in the control. Such internal water circulation and an inflow of water after rainfall might have obscured the LED effects in the rainy period. The bottom water of the blue LED had a higher density and species richness of phytoplankton than that of the control at the end of the experiment. A lower density of phytoplankton and higher nutrient concentrations in the red LED might have been due to a higher density and feeding activity by zooplankton. Our results confirmed the applicability of LED illumination in stimulating algal photosynthesis, and in improving the oxygen condition of the bottom water in freshwater ponds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Engineering Enhancing Natural Biological Production and Purification Processes)
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18 pages, 3316 KiB  
Article
Effects of Light-Emitting Diode Illumination on Sediment Surface Biological Activities and Releases of Nutrients and Metals to Overlying Water in Eutrophic Lake Microcosms
by Aimin Hao, Hong Yu, Sohei Kobayashi, Dong Xia, Min Zhao and Yasushi Iseri
Water 2022, 14(12), 1839; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121839 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2317
Abstract
The release of nutrients and metals from the sediment to the overlying water induced by oxygen depletion is an important issue in eutrophic aquatic systems. Effects of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on oxygen conditions and release of nutrients and metals from the sediment [...] Read more.
The release of nutrients and metals from the sediment to the overlying water induced by oxygen depletion is an important issue in eutrophic aquatic systems. Effects of light-emitting diode (LED) illumination on oxygen conditions and release of nutrients and metals from the sediment were examined by comparing with those effects of aeration in microcosms using water and sediment of Lake Taihu, China. Periphyton with filamentous algae developed on the sediment surface in the LED (blue wavelength) treatment. Dissolved oxygen became rapidly saturated and gradually supersaturated in the aeration and LED treatments, respectively, but remained low in the control. A thicker oxic layer developed on the sediment for the LED than aeration but was poorly developed with a blackened surface in the control. Invertebrate burrows were distributed deeper and the bacterial community was more dominated by aerobic species in the LED, indicating deeper penetration of oxygen into the sediment. Nutrients (e.g., N and P) and some metals (e.g., Hg, As, and Mn) in water were lower for the LED and aeration than in the control; nutrients and other solutes that increased electric conductivity (e.g., Ca, Mg) were lower for the LED than aeration. These results suggest that LED can effectively oxygenate the bottom water by stimulating algal photosynthesis and benthic invertebrate activity, resulting in greater retention of nutrients and metals in/on sediment compared to aeration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Engineering Enhancing Natural Biological Production and Purification Processes)
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17 pages, 5116 KiB  
Article
Controlling Eutrophication via Surface Aerators in Irregular-Shaped Urban Ponds
by Aimin Hao, Sohei Kobayashi, Dong Xia, Qi Mi, Ning Yan, Mengyao Su, Aishou Lin, Min Zhao and Yasushi Iseri
Water 2021, 13(23), 3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13233360 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2974
Abstract
Surface aerators have often been introduced in urban ponds for esthetics, but their roles in remediating water quality are less understood. Effects of surface aerators on controlling eutrophication were examined in two urban ponds, in which anaerobic odors and cyanobacterial blooms had occurred [...] Read more.
Surface aerators have often been introduced in urban ponds for esthetics, but their roles in remediating water quality are less understood. Effects of surface aerators on controlling eutrophication were examined in two urban ponds, in which anaerobic odors and cyanobacterial blooms had occurred and several aerators had been installed. In one of the ponds, a dramatic improvement in dissolved oxygen (DO) (from 1.8 to 8.1 mg L−1) and total phosphorus (TP) (from 1.6 to 0.4 mg L−1) was evident based on the comparison before and after the aeration. Although cyano-bloom did not occur, phytoplankton was dominated by cyanobacteria Microcystis species in both periods. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) increased (from 29 to 51 μg L−1) and water transparency decreased (from 81 to 27 cm) after the aeration. In the other pond with an irregular shape, water quality was monitored two years after the installation to examine seasonal variation in trophic state and its spatial variation associated with aerator distribution. The water was mixed vertically well for the whole pond, as indicated by small surface-to-bottom differences in temperature. DO decreased in summer after rainfall but was always >5.7 mg L−1. Total nitrogen (TN) and TP were 0.8–2.3 and 0.03–0.07 mg L−1, respectively, and no cyano-blooms were observed across sites throughout the year. Phytoplankton was dominated by green algae and diatom species, which may be favored by the lower phosphorus level of the pond. Chl-a was higher and transparency was lower in the north side, which had more aerators and less shade from trees and buildings. These results suggest that surface aerators increased DO by vertical and horizontal mixing of water, reduced phosphorus release from sediment, and prevented cyano-bloom occurrence, but they did not improve Chl-a level and transparency. Rather, aeration can promote algal growth, and thus, additional purifying measures such as filtration and contact oxidation are required to further improve the trophic state of these ponds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Engineering Enhancing Natural Biological Production and Purification Processes)
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