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Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current Trends and Future Directions
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Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current Trends and Future Directions

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2018) | Viewed by 7756

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Takashi Asaeda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Studies of the Global Environment, 7-1 Sophia University, Kioicho, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0094, Japan
Interests: aquatic plants; vegetation in floodplains; wetlands
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen peroxide is an environmental stress indicator of submerged macrophytes in the lowland natural streams

It is well known that environmental stresses intensify the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant tissues, among which H2O2 is a major component. The H2O2 is relatively stable relative to remaining ROS and is widely studied due to its function as a signaling molecule in response to external stimuli. Thus, the possibility of using the concentration of H2O2 in plant tissues as an indicator of environmental stress has been investigated.

Field observations conducted at several locations in natural streams in Japan, where Egeria densa was thickly colonized, revealed that H2O2 concentrations linearly increase with turbulence intensity. The total H2O2 concentration is approximately given by the sum of the H2O2 concentration generated by each stressor. A comparison of the fractions of H2O2 formation due to light stress and velocity stresses suggests that the oxidative stress from light stress and flow turbulence are the dominant stressors in natural streams.

Thus, the H2O2 concentration in submerged macrophytes can be considered as a suitable index of environmental stresses. This index can be applied in the monitoring and management of aquatic vegetation.

Prof. Takashi Asaeda
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Egeria densa
  • Hydrogen peroxide
  • Light stress
  • Natural streams
  • Reactive oxygen species
  • Solar radiation
  • Turbulence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4700 KiB  
Article
Myriophyllum aquaticum-Based Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Enhanced Eutrophic Nutrient Removal—A Case Study from Laboratory-Scale up to Pilot-Scale Constructed Wetland
by Shugeng Feng, Shengjun Xu, Xupo Zhang, Rui Wang, Xiaona Ma, Zhirui Zhao, Guoqiang Zhuang, Zhihui Bai and Xuliang Zhuang
Water 2018, 10(10), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101391 - 6 Oct 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3057
Abstract
Water pollution caused by various eutrophic nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), such as outbreaks of eutrophication in rivers and lakes, has become a serious environmental problem in China. Such problems have spurred extensive studies aiming at finding environmentally friendly solutions. [...] Read more.
Water pollution caused by various eutrophic nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), such as outbreaks of eutrophication in rivers and lakes, has become a serious environmental problem in China. Such problems have spurred extensive studies aiming at finding environmentally friendly solutions. Various constructed wetlands (CWs), planted with different macrophytes, have been considered as environmentally safe technologies to treat various wastewaters for several decades. Due to their low energy and operational requirements, CWs are promising alternative solutions to water eutrophication problems. Within the CWs, macrophytes, sediments, and the microbial community are indispensable constituents of such an ecosystem. In this study, a laboratory-scale surface flow CW (LSCW) was constructed to investigate the effects of two different plants, Eichhornia (E.) crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Myriophyllum (M.) aquaticum, on the removal of eutrophic N and P. The results showed that both plants could significantly reduce these nutrients, especially ammonium (NH4+), and LSCW planted with M. aquaticum performed better (82.1% NH4+ removal) than that with E. crassipes (66.4% NH4+ removal). A Monod model with a plug flow pattern was used to simulate the relationship of influent and effluent concentrations with the kinetic parameters of this LSCW. Based on the model, a pilot-scale surface flow CW (PSCW) was designed, aiming to further enhance N and P removal. The treatment with M. aquaticum and polyethylene materials showed the best removal efficiency on NH4+ as well as on total nitrogen and phosphorus. In general, the enlarged PSCW can be a promising solution to the eutrophication problems occurring in aquatic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current Trends and Future Directions)
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13 pages, 1667 KiB  
Article
Maternal Environment Effect of Warming and Eutrophication on the Emergence of Curled Pondweed, Potamogeton crispus L.
by Chao Li, Tao Wang, Min Zhang and Jun Xu
Water 2018, 10(9), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091285 - 19 Sep 2018
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3829
Abstract
Maternal effects may play an important role in life history and offspring performance of aquatic plants. Performance and response of maternal and offspring aquatic plants can affect population dynamics and community composition. Understanding maternal effect can help to fill a gap in the [...] Read more.
Maternal effects may play an important role in life history and offspring performance of aquatic plants. Performance and response of maternal and offspring aquatic plants can affect population dynamics and community composition. Understanding maternal effect can help to fill a gap in the knowledge of aquatic plant life cycles, and provide important insights for species’ responses to climate change and eutrophication. This study showed that maternal warming and eutrophication significantly affected the early life stages of curled pondweed, Potamogeton crispus, a submerged macrophyte. Propagule in warmed condition had higher germination percentages and a shorter mean germination time than those under ambient conditions. However, propagule germination in phosphorus addition treatment was inhibited due to the negative effect of eutrophication, e.g., phytoplankton competition and deteriorated underwater light. Meanwhile, elevated temperature led to a decrease of total nitrogen concentrations and an increase of carbon: nitrogen ratios in plant tissues, which may suggest that P. crispus will allocate more nutrients to propagules in order to resist the adverse effects of high temperature. A subsequent germination experiment in the same ambient condition showed that maternal warming promoted seedling emergence in contrast to maternal phosphorus addition. Consequently, global warming could modify population growth via maternal environmental effects on early life histories, while increased anthropogenic nutrient inputs may result in a decreased submerged macrophyte. These maternal effects on offspring performance may change competition and the survival of early life-history stages under climate warming and eutrophication through changing the ecological stoichiometry of plant tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plants in Aquatic Ecosystems: Current Trends and Future Directions)
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