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Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport
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Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 8593

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Chao Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: hydrodynamics of vegetated flow; open channel flow; sediment transport; modeling; vegetated landscape evolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Kejun Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: compound channel flow; vegetation hydrodynamics; sediment transport; modeling; fluvial processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yuqi Shan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Interests: hydrodynamics of vegetated flow; ecological disaster prevention; disaster mitigation; sediment loss; modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic vegetation exists in natural rivers, streams, marshes, and coastal regions and influences the ecosystem by altering flow structure and modifying bed morphology. In restoration projects, planting appropriate vegetation has become a proper way to mitigate sediment loss and stabilize banks. Vegetation drag shapes velocity and turbulent kinematic energy profiles and impacts sediment transport. Compared to a bare channel, flow velocity is reduced in a vegetated region and promotes sediment retention. Conversely, turbulence intensity is enhanced and promotes sediment transport. The competing trends make sediment retention and loss challenging to estimate, and the unclear sediment transport tendency increases the difficulty of evaluating the evolution of vegetated landscapes. Therefore, it is important to understand how vegetation impacts flow development and sediment transport.

This Special Issue will focus on vegetation-influenced flow and sediment transport but is not limited to it. For example, the influence of vegetation on combined current and wave, the impact of vegetation on overbank flows, and the simulation of vegetated landscapes are also welcome. We sincerely invite researchers to submit their experimental, numerical, theoretical, and field studies regarding vegetation-influenced flow and sediment transport.

Prof. Dr. Chao Liu
Prof. Dr. Kejun Yang
Dr. Yuqi Shan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrodynamics of vegetated flow
  • flow structure
  • sediment motion
  • bed morphology
  • vegetated landscape evolution
  • overbank flow
  • combined current and wave
  • modeling method

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 16214 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study of Multiple Momentum Jets in a Vegetated Crossflow
by Hao Yuan, Chunhua Xia, Guangde Zhao and Ruichang Hu
Water 2023, 15(15), 2759; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152759 - 30 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1286
Abstract
Vertically discharged multiple jets in crossflow is a common form of wastewater discharge. The presence of vegetation in the flow channel complicates the hydraulic characteristics of jets. The realizable k-ε turbulent model is used to simulate the flow, turbulence, and vortex characteristics of [...] Read more.
Vertically discharged multiple jets in crossflow is a common form of wastewater discharge. The presence of vegetation in the flow channel complicates the hydraulic characteristics of jets. The realizable k-ε turbulent model is used to simulate the flow, turbulence, and vortex characteristics of multiple jets with different spacing and jet-to-crossflow velocity ratios, to study the flow characteristics and vortex structure of multiple jets in a vegetated channel. The results reveal that vegetation inhibits the development of a counterrotating vortex pair. The jets with a low jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio are concentrated near the flow symmetry profile by the dual constraints of ambient flow and vegetation. The jets gradually spread outward and the counterrotating vortex pair become more obvious when the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio increases. Vegetation reduces the shading effect of the front jet on the rear jet by accelerating the dissipation of shear layer vortices. The influence of the front jet on the rear jet decreases as the spacing increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport)
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12 pages, 3594 KiB  
Article
Research and Application of the Calculation Method of River Roughness Coefficient with Vegetation
by Zhengbing Chen, Jianyin Zhou and Qianhai Chen
Water 2023, 15(14), 2638; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142638 - 20 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
The roughness coefficient is a comprehensive parameter reflecting river resistance, which is widely used in the planning and design of river regulation and flood control projects. In recent years, as the upstream water conservancy and hydro-power projects have been put into operation, the [...] Read more.
The roughness coefficient is a comprehensive parameter reflecting river resistance, which is widely used in the planning and design of river regulation and flood control projects. In recent years, as the upstream water conservancy and hydro-power projects have been put into operation, the frequency of low flow in the middle and lower reaches has increased, and the frequency of flood flow has decreased. All kinds of vegetation in the river floodplain grow luxuriantly, which causes a change in the river resistance and roughness coefficient. The present study was carried out with theoretical analysis and laboratory tests. A formula for the roughness coefficient calculation was derived based on the momentum equilibrium equation and momentum exchange between the vegetation layer and upper layer. The relationship between the depth-averaged velocity within the vegetation layer and depth-averaged velocity of the whole flow was analyzed. The reliability of the formula was verified by a large amount of previous experimental data. Based on the derived formula, the variation law of the roughness coefficient with vegetation density, vegetation height, and water depth were obtained. For the emerged vegetation flow, the Manning coefficient tended to increase with the increase in the vegetation density and water depth. For the submerged vegetation flow, the Manning coefficient showed a trend of decreasing with the increase in the water depth and increased with the increase in the vegetation height. Finally, the derived formula was applied in the Yueyang reach of the Yangtze River and the Duliujian River. The study can be applied in the fields of water level-flow discharge relationship analysis and the water surface line calculation of vegetated rivers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport)
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18 pages, 7260 KiB  
Article
Statistical Roughness Properties of the Bed Surface in Braided Rivers
by Baoliang Ren, Yunwen Pan, Xingyu Lin and Kejun Yang
Water 2023, 15(14), 2612; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15142612 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Braided rivers are widespread in nature, and their bed morphology is complex and variable. This paper aims to investigate and quantitatively analyze the bed surface roughness of braided rivers utilizing statistical theory. In this paper, a physical model of braided rivers is developed, [...] Read more.
Braided rivers are widespread in nature, and their bed morphology is complex and variable. This paper aims to investigate and quantitatively analyze the bed surface roughness of braided rivers utilizing statistical theory. In this paper, a physical model of braided rivers is developed, and four constant discharge experiments are carried out. Based on Structure-from-Motion photogrammetry and direct measurement of bedload transport using a load cell, data on bedload transport rate, bed morphology, and bed elevation are obtained, facilitating the in-depth investigation of the correlations between these parameters. The results show that the morphological active width increases with increasing discharge. There was a significant positive correlation between the morphological active width and the bedload transport rate, although there is considerable scatter due to the inherent variability in braided river morphodynamics. The elevation probability distribution of bed surfaces shows negative skewness and leptokurtic distribution. There is a relatively significant correlation between skewness and the dimensionless bedload transport rate. The two-dimensional variogram values of bed elevation are variable, and the bed is anisotropic. Additionally, both the longitudinal sill and correlation length values exhibit an increase with the rise in stream power. Remarkably, the correlation between the dimensionless sill and correlation length, as well as the dimensionless bedload transport rate, proves to be highly significant. Consequently, this correlation can serve as a reliable general factor for predicting bedload transport rate in the reach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport)
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15 pages, 3713 KiB  
Article
Effects of Groin Type and Bed Properties on Flow in Groin Fields: Comparison of Fixed- and Mobile-Bed Experiments
by Jianqiang Xu, Yang Xue, Senjun Huang, Liyuan Zhang and Faxing Zhang
Water 2022, 14(14), 2265; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142265 - 20 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2711
Abstract
Groin type and vegetation in groin fields directly affect flow field, bank protection, and river evolution. Many studies focus on fixed-bed contexts, but there are few studies on the influence of riverbed changes on hydrodynamic characteristics around groins. In this study, three types [...] Read more.
Groin type and vegetation in groin fields directly affect flow field, bank protection, and river evolution. Many studies focus on fixed-bed contexts, but there are few studies on the influence of riverbed changes on hydrodynamic characteristics around groins. In this study, three types of groins are investigated experimentally in fixed and mobile beds in terms of time-averaged flow characteristics, turbulence characteristics, and bed changes. In both fixed- and mobile-bed experiments, vegetation reduced erosion of the groin field and main stream. Compared with the fixed-bed experiment, the velocity in the main stream was decreased in the mobile-bed experiment, and the longitudinal turbulence intensity and lateral momentum exchange were increased. In this study, an improved three-dimensional groin group (upstream wing submerged T-shaped groin group) produced a lower sediment scouring capacity, average scour depth, and entrainment coefficient k than I-shaped and T-shaped groin groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegetation-Influenced Water Flow and Sediment Transport)
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