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Water
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Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse
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Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 11595

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria João Rosa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC—National Civil Engineering Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: water quality, treatment, and reuse; advanced treatments; resource recovery; control of emerging pollutants; energy efficiency; asset management of urban water systems
Dr. Rui M.C. Viegas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Water Quality and Treatment Laboratory, Urban Water Unit, Hydraulics and Environment Department, LNEC—National Civil Engineering Laboratory, Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: advanced water/wastewater treatment technologies (membranes, adsorption, hybrid processes); water reclamation and reuse; control of contaminants of emerging concern; development, modelling and optimization of water/wastewater treatment processes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water shortage is challenging many regions in the world, and there is great interest in technologies that can safely treat and reclaim water to a suitable quality for a wide range of reuse applications, thereby conserving precious drinking water resources.

On the other hand, the potential health and environmental risks of using reclaimed water have to be safely managed. This has led to an increasing need to monitor water quality parameters for specific reuse applications, as well as to develop sound methods and tools of risk assessement and management from both regulatory and end-user perspectives.

Furthermore, successful water reuse projects call for a smart allocation and efficient use of the reclaimed water, promoting the circular economy.

This issue intends to provide the latest developments and future prospects on the state-of-the-art advanced technologies and tools for water reclamation and reuse, and should serve as a reference text for academia and researchers and as a reference tool for technology developers and water professionals. It aims to cover a broad spectrum of advanced technologies involved in water reclamation and reuse for non-potable purposes (urban uses, agriculture and industrial uses), indirect potable reuse and direct potable reuse.

Topics for this Water Special Issue, titled “Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse,” include but are not limited to:

  • Advanced treatment technologies (e.g., membranes, adsorption, UV, advanced oxidation, biofiltration, hybrid processes) performance, cost analysis and life-cycle assessment
  • Advanced monitoring of water quality (e.g., of bacteria, viruses, antimicrobial-resistance, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, microplastics, pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern) in water reclamation, reclaimed water distribution systems and point of use
  • Tools for risk assessment and management
  • Tools and IoT for water allocation and efficient use

Authors are invited to submit original research and review papers, focusing on the above topics. Full-scale case studies are welcome.

Dr. Maria João Rosa
Dr. Rui M.C. Viegas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water reclamation
  • water reuse
  • advanced treatment technologies
  • water quality
  • non-potable water reuse
  • indirect potable reuse
  • direct potable reuse
  • risk assessment and management
  • cost and life-cycle analysis
  • water allocation and efficiency

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2435 KiB  
Article
Identification of Key Factors for Urban—Industrial Water Reuse: A Multi-Criteria Analysis Case Study
by Ricardo Isaac, Vivien Viaro, Camila Fonseca and Alana Mânica
Water 2022, 14(8), 1314; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14081314 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
The industrial reuse of existing municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent can play a major role in improving water security in urbanized regions facing scarcity. As the complexity of engineered direct water reuse is related to various economic, technical, legal, social, environmental, and [...] Read more.
The industrial reuse of existing municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent can play a major role in improving water security in urbanized regions facing scarcity. As the complexity of engineered direct water reuse is related to various economic, technical, legal, social, environmental, and public health aspects, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) is a feasible decision-making tool in this context. The present work aimed to establish the relevant key factors for the application of MCA, wherever plant planning, design, and construction did not previously consider reuse practices. The adopted methodology considers the proposition and valuation of key criteria, based on the existing literature, expert consultations, statistical analysis, and the application of MCA to a real municipal WWTP located in Campinas city (São Paulo State, Brazil). The 13 proposed criteria encompass multiple categories, and their relevance is demonstrated, given the high significance frequencies assigned. The best values are related to effluent quality, health risks, and treatment reliability, in addition to environmental costs and benefits. The application of those criteria in Cooperative Game Theory (CGT) and Compromise Programming (CP) methods is proved to be suitable, considering the characteristics of the studied area (i.e., highly urbanized with a history of water scarcity). Among nine surveyed end-users, the first position in the hierarchy corresponds to the largest industries with the shortest distance from the WWTP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse)
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19 pages, 4108 KiB  
Article
Key Factors for Activated Carbon Adsorption of Pharmaceutical Compounds from Wastewaters: A Multivariate Modelling Approach
by Rui M. C. Viegas, Ana S. Mestre, Elsa Mesquita, Miguel Machuqueiro, Marta A. Andrade, Ana P. Carvalho and Maria João Rosa
Water 2022, 14(2), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020166 - 8 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3612
Abstract
Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) regression, a generalization of multiple linear regression, is used to model two datasets (40 observed data points each) of adsorption removal of three pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), of different therapeutic classes and physical–chemical properties (carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole), from [...] Read more.
Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) regression, a generalization of multiple linear regression, is used to model two datasets (40 observed data points each) of adsorption removal of three pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), of different therapeutic classes and physical–chemical properties (carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfamethoxazole), from six real secondary effluents collected from wastewater treatment plants onto different powdered activated carbons (PACs). For the PLS regression, 25 descriptors were considered: 7 descriptors related to the PhCs properties, 10 descriptors related to the wastewaters properties (8 related to the organic matrix and 2 to the inorganic matrix), and 8 descriptors related to the PACs properties. This modelling approach showed good descriptive capability, showing that hydrophobic PhC-PAC interactions play the major role in the adsorption process, with the solvation energy and log Kow being the most suitable descriptors. The results also stress the importance of the competition effects of water dissolved organic matter (DOM), namely of its slightly hydrophobic compounds impacting the adsorption capacity or its charged hydrophilic compounds impacting the short-term adsorption, while the water inorganic matrix only appears to impact PAC adsorption capacity and not the short-term adsorption. For the pool of PACs tested, the results point to the BET area as a good descriptor of the PAC capacity, while the short-term adsorption kinetics appears to be better related to its supermicropore volume and density. The improvement in these PAC properties should be regarded as a way of refining their performance. The correlations obtained, involving the impact of water, PhC and PAC-related descriptors, show the existence of complex interactions that a univariate analysis is not sufficient to describe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse)
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15 pages, 6443 KiB  
Article
Influence of Carbon Agglomerate Formation on Micropollutants Removal in Combined PAC-Membrane Filtration Processes for Advanced Wastewater Treatment
by Grit Hoffmann, Karthik Rathinam, Matthias Martschin, Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas and Stefan Panglisch
Water 2021, 13(24), 3578; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13243578 - 14 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2980
Abstract
Micropollutants (MPs) are ubiquitous in wastewater and are not effectively removed by the existing conventional treatment processes, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Nowadays, dosing of powdered activated carbon (PAC) prior to membrane filtration has emerged as an advanced wastewater treatment method for MPs [...] Read more.
Micropollutants (MPs) are ubiquitous in wastewater and are not effectively removed by the existing conventional treatment processes, resulting in increased environmental pollution. Nowadays, dosing of powdered activated carbon (PAC) prior to membrane filtration has emerged as an advanced wastewater treatment method for MPs removal. This study investigated the carbon agglomerate formation in the PAC stock suspension and its influence on MPs removal in PAC-capillary membrane filtration processes at both lab- and pilot-scale levels. Both lab- and pilot-scale membrane filtration results revealed that MPs removal efficiency is affected with the increase of PAC concentration in the stock suspension. For example, one of the investigated pilot tests showed a significantly reduced removal of good adsorbable MPs (from 57 to 17%) when stock suspension concentration was increased from 0.2 to 20 g/L. It is assumed that PAC agglomerates led to a slower adsorption kinetic and an inhomogeneous distribution of PAC in the membrane system. Maintaining PAC concentration in the stock suspension as low as possible (below 0.2 g/L for investigated PAC) certainly would help to avoid agglomeration problems and enhance the overall performance of the processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse)
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10 pages, 1328 KiB  
Article
Estimating the Reducing Power of Carbon Nanotubes and Granular Activated Carbon Using Various Compounds
by Heesoo Woo, Ilho Kim and Saerom Park
Water 2021, 13(14), 1959; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13141959 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Determining the degree of the reducing power of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and granular activated carbon (GAC) enables their effective application in various fields. In this study, we estimate the reducing power of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and GAC by measuring the reduction degree [...] Read more.
Determining the degree of the reducing power of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and granular activated carbon (GAC) enables their effective application in various fields. In this study, we estimate the reducing power of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and GAC by measuring the reduction degree of various compounds with different reduction potentials. MWCNTs and GAC materials can reduce Cr(VI), Fe(III) and PMo12O403−, where the reduction potentials range from +1.33 V to +0.65 V. However, no reduced forms of PW12O403− and SiW12O404− compounds were detected, indicating that the reducing power of MWCNTs and GAC is insufficient for reduction potentials in the range +0.218 V to +0.054 V. MWCNTs exhibit a short reduction time (5 min), whereas GAC exhibits a gradually increasing reduction degree of all the compounds assessed until the end of the reaction. This indicates a higher reduction degree than that of MWCNTs systems. Acidic initial pH values favor reduction, and the reduction degree increases as the pH becomes lower than 4.0. Moreover, large quantities of MWCNTs and GAC increase the concentrations of the reduced compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Water Reclamation and Reuse)
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