Biomonitors in Water Quality Control

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Quality and Contamination".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2021) | Viewed by 6565

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Functional Biology (Ecology Unit), EPSE, Lugo, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Interests: biomonitors; trace elements; eutrophication; mosses; macroalgae; rivers; coasts; estuaries

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The need for biological monitoring of contamination in aquatic ecosystems is now widely accepted, while it is known that traditional physicochemical measures of water quality are not enough. Although pollution is precisely a problem because it affects living beings, for a long time, its control relied exclusively on the study of abiotic compartments. The use of organisms in pollutant monitoring has clear advantages, such as allowing estimation of the bioavailable fraction of the contaminants; permitting to discover the presence of contaminants that are difficult to quantify through other methods, such as water analysis; or making it possible to detect punctual peaks of pollution. The relevance of organisms when assessing the status of a body of water is currently recognized even in the legislation, as in the European Water Framework Directive or the Federal Water Pollution Control Law in the United States. A simple search in Scopus of the term “biomonitoring” retrieves a result of more than 18,000 documents, the first from the decade of the seventies, with practically exponential subsequent growth and more than a thousand papers published annually in recent years, which gives an idea of the importance that the topic has presently acquired in the scientific community.

This Special Issue of Water will compile studies of biological monitoring of water quality control in any type of aquatic ecosystems, whether from inland waters (rivers, lakes, inland seas, etc.) or marine waters.

Prof. Dr. Rubén Villares
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomonitoring
  • contamination
  • pollution
  • rivers
  • lakes
  • marine
  • estuaries

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 1008 KiB  
Article
Effect of Current Velocity on Cd Accumulation in the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica
by Antón Vázquez-Arias, Sofía Debén, Adrián Casanova, Carme Pacín, Jesús R. Aboal and José A. Fernández
Water 2021, 13(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020157 - 12 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1882
Abstract
With the aim of further standardizing biomonitoring techniques with aquatic mosses, the relationship between the velocity of water flow and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in transplants of the moss Fontinalis antipyretica was investigated. For this purpose, moss transplants were exposed in a controlled aquatic [...] Read more.
With the aim of further standardizing biomonitoring techniques with aquatic mosses, the relationship between the velocity of water flow and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in transplants of the moss Fontinalis antipyretica was investigated. For this purpose, moss transplants were exposed in a controlled aquatic environment to different concentrations of Cd (0, 4, 16 and 36 ng g−1) and different water velocities (10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 cm s−1). The Cd concentrations in the moss transplants mainly depended on the Cd concentration in the water, but a small fraction of the variance was explained by water velocity. The Cd concentrations in moss were standardized to remove the effect of the concentration in the water so all the data could be analyzed together. The regression model for the standardized concentrations explained 23% of the variance in Cd accumulation in F. antipyretica and water velocity proved to be a significant predictor of Cd accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomonitors in Water Quality Control)
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11 pages, 3452 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Biomonitoring Technique with the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.: Selection of Shoot Segment Length for Determining Trace Element Concentrations
by María Dolores Vázquez, Carlos Real and Rubén Villares
Water 2020, 12(9), 2389; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092389 - 26 Aug 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1785
Abstract
Bryophytes, including Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., are widely used for biomonitoring aquatic environments. However, some methodological aspects, such as the fraction of shoot analysed, have not yet been standardized. The main objective of this study was to establish the length of segments of F. [...] Read more.
Bryophytes, including Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., are widely used for biomonitoring aquatic environments. However, some methodological aspects, such as the fraction of shoot analysed, have not yet been standardized. The main objective of this study was to establish the length of segments of F. antipyretica shoots that should be used for trace element determination in monitoring studies. For this purpose, we determined the concentrations of 12 different trace elements (11 metals and one metalloid) in five successive 1 cm-long segments of the shoots of F. antipyretica collected from four different locations. We found that the concentrations of most elements increased steadily towards the basal part of the shoots without becoming stable. Sometimes, these increasing trends were concealed by another underlying trend of increasing dry/fresh weight ratios, caused by morphological changes (leaf density, shoot thickness) related with shoot development. The concentration trends were due to factors such as the deposition of Mn oxides on the moss surface. This element showed the largest increases in concentration towards the basal part of the shoot and its concentrations were closely correlated with those of most of the other elements. Considering the results obtained, we recommend the use of 3 cm-long apical segments for determining trace element concentrations in F. antipyretica. This recommendation is based on the following: (1) The change in dry weight beyond this length of segment is small; (2) the workload and the quantity of material to collect in the river is acceptable; (3) Most previous studies have used shoot segments of similar lengths. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomonitors in Water Quality Control)
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19 pages, 1558 KiB  
Article
Integrated Monitoring with Moss-Bag and Mussel Transplants in Reservoirs
by Gana Gecheva, Vesela Yancheva, Iliana Velcheva, Elenka Georgieva, Stela Stoyanova, Desislava Arnaudova, Violeta Stefanova, Deyana Georgieva, Vesela Genina, Borislava Todorova and Ivelin Mollov
Water 2020, 12(6), 1800; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12061800 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
For the first time, transplants with moss-bags and mussels together were applied to study the water quality in standing water bodies. The tested species: Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. and Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) were collected from unpolluted sites and analyzed to obtain background levels. [...] Read more.
For the first time, transplants with moss-bags and mussels together were applied to study the water quality in standing water bodies. The tested species: Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. and Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) were collected from unpolluted sites and analyzed to obtain background levels. Then, the moss and mussels were left in cages for a period of 30 days in three reservoirs where both are not present naturally. Two of the reservoirs suffer from old industrial contamination and one is affected by untreated wastes. Twenty-four compounds were studied, among them trace elements Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and organic priority substances: six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) congeners and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The trace element accumulation was significant after the exposition period in all studied stations. PBDEs and SCCPs were also accumulated up to two times more in the moss tissues. PBDEs in the mussels exceeded the environmental quality standard (EQS). The applied combined transplants, and especially the moss-bags, revealed severe contamination with heavy metals not detected by the water samples. The moss and the mussel followed a different model of trace element and PBDEs accumulation. The SCCPs levels were alarmingly high in all plant samples. The study confirmed PBDEs and SCCPs as bioaccumulative compounds and suggested that an EQS for SCCPs in biota needs to be established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomonitors in Water Quality Control)
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