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Water
Special Issues
Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments
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Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water Erosion and Sediment Transport".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 16936

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Aldo Sottolichio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UMR EPOC, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5805, Bâtiments B18/B18N, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CEDEX, 33615 Pessac, France
Interests: estuaries; sediments; oceanography; geomorphology; hydrodynamic modeling; rivers; water quality; waves; hydrology; hydrodynamics
Dr. Elisa Fernandes

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Lab. de Oceanografia Fisica Costeira et Estuarina (LOCOSTE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Brazil
Interests: numerical modeling and remote sensing applied to hydrodynamics and sediment transport in coastal lagoons and continental shelves

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Investigating coastal and estuarine physical processes and changes is strongly based on the application of methods such as field measurements, remote sensing, and numerical modeling. They all contribute in a complementary way to better characterize and understand hydrodynamics and sediment transport processes in coastal lagoons, estuaries, and internal continental shelfs, covering timescales from turbulence to decadal changes.

The objective of this Special Issue is to provide an overview and share the state-of-the-art and scientific knowledge in recent research and applications in hydro-sedimentary coastal and estuarine studies. These problems can be studied at different scales, always looking for a novel vision oriented towards the understanding of specific features and process and to the sustainable management of these systems.

A non-exhaustive list of pertinent topics comprises:

-      Response of coastal and estuarine areas to climate change;

-      Advances in hydrodynamic, sediment transport, and morphological modeling for coastal areas;

-      Advances in field methodologies and applications for coastal studies;

-      Studies coupling remote sensing and modeling;

-      Anthropogenic impacts on morphodynamcs of coastal and estuarine areas.

Dr. Aldo Sottolichio
Dr. Elisa Fernandes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • estuaries
  • coastal lagoons
  • continental shelf
  • hydrodynamics
  • sediment transport
  • suspended sediment
  • morphodynamics coastal operational oceanography
  • field measurements
  • remote sensing
  • numerical modeling

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4719 KiB  
Article
Observations of Tidal Flat Sedimentation within a Native and an Exotic Spartina Species
by Barbara Proença, Florian Ganthy, Richard Michalet and Aldo Sottolichio
Water 2021, 13(11), 1566; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111566 - 1 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3181
Abstract
Field measurements of bed elevation and related wave events were performed within a tidal marsh, on two cordgrass species, Spartina anglica (exotic) and Spartina maritima (native), in the Bay of Arcachon (SW France). Bed- and water-level time series were used to infer on [...] Read more.
Field measurements of bed elevation and related wave events were performed within a tidal marsh, on two cordgrass species, Spartina anglica (exotic) and Spartina maritima (native), in the Bay of Arcachon (SW France). Bed- and water-level time series were used to infer on the sediment behavior patterns from short to long term. A consistent response was found between the bed-level variation and the wave forcing, with erosion occurring during storms and accretion during low energy periods. Such behavior was observed within the two species, but the magnitude of bed-level variation was higher within the native than the exotic Spartina. These differences, in the order of millimeters, were explained by the opposite allocation of biomass of the two species. On the long term, the sedimentation/erosion patterns were dominated by episodic storm events. A general sediment deficit was observed on the site, suggested by an overall bed-level decrease registered within both species. However, further verification of within species variation needs to be considered when drawing conclusions. Despite possible qualitative limitations of the experimental design, due to single point survey, this work provides original and considerable field data to the understanding the different species ability to influence bed sediment stabilization and their potential to build marsh from the mudflat pioneer stage. Such information is valuable for coastal management in the context of global change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments)
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20 pages, 7072 KiB  
Article
Dispersion Plumes in Open Ocean Disposal Sites of Dredged Sediment
by Elisa Helena Fernandes, Pablo Dias da Silva, Glauber Acunha Gonçalves and Osmar Olinto Möller
Water 2021, 13(6), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13060808 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3480
Abstract
Management of estuarine systems under anthropogenic pressures related to port settlement and development requires thorough understanding about the long-term sediment dynamics in the area. In an era of growing shipping traffic and of ever larger ships; millions of tons of bottom sediments are [...] Read more.
Management of estuarine systems under anthropogenic pressures related to port settlement and development requires thorough understanding about the long-term sediment dynamics in the area. In an era of growing shipping traffic and of ever larger ships; millions of tons of bottom sediments are dredged annually all over the world and the major question concerning dredging operations is not whether they should be done, because it is obvious that they are extremely important and necessary, but where the dredged sediments can be disposed of with the least possible ecological impact. The present study involves the evaluation of transport trends of dredged material from a turbid estuary disposed of in four different open ocean disposal sites using numerical model techniques, aiming to contribute to minimizing potential environmental impacts and maximizing efficiency of the dredging operation. The study is carried out in southern Brazil, investigating the fate of dredged material from the Port of Rio Grande, located inside the Patos Lagoon estuary. Simulations were carried with the TELEMAC-3D model coupled with the suspended sediment (SEDI-3D) module and incorporating results from the wave module (TOMAWAC) to evaluate the dispersion of the suspended sediment plume and its interaction with coastal currents. This modeling structure proved to be a valuable tool to study the hydrodynamics and sediment transport pathways in estuarine and coastal areas. Results indicate that the natural Patos Lagoon coastal plume was observed under the predominant ebb flows and NE winds, promoting fine sediment entrapment south of the mouth of the lagoon (in front of Cassino Beach). The dispersion plumes in the disposal sites responded to the wind intensity and direction and did not present any transport tendency towards Cassino Beach. Part of the dredged sediment disposed of in the proposed alternative sites located in deeper areas (Sites B and C) left the site and was transported parallel to the coast (SW–NE direction) according to the wind direction (NE–SW). The area where the disposal sites were located took around 4 days to recover from the dredging operation and reach the usual suspended sediment concentrations and the actual Port of Rio Grande Licensed Site for dredged material proved to be the best alternative among the investigated options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments)
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13 pages, 2055 KiB  
Article
Temporal Variability of Suspended-Solids Concentration in the Estuarine Channel of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil
by Rafael André Ávila, Priscila Mulattieri Suarez Orozco, Mauro Michelena Andrade and Osmar Olinto Möller, Jr.
Water 2021, 13(5), 646; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13050646 - 28 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
The assessment of suspended-solids dynamics is crucial for the effective monitoring of estuarine environments. As the recurring in-situ sampling is usually problematic, the calibration of the backscattering from acoustic Doppler profilers has shown to be a reliable technique to estimate the suspended-solids concentration [...] Read more.
The assessment of suspended-solids dynamics is crucial for the effective monitoring of estuarine environments. As the recurring in-situ sampling is usually problematic, the calibration of the backscattering from acoustic Doppler profilers has shown to be a reliable technique to estimate the suspended-solids concentration (SSC) in estuaries and rivers. In this study, we obtained a linear model that provides SSC estimates for the estuarine channel of Patos Lagoon by calibrating turbidity and acoustic data with in-situ concentration samples. The model output was analyzed in terms of its relationship with estuarine hydrodynamics and temporal variability. In this estuary, the supply of suspended solids is known to be due the runoff from its main tributaries, but also through the exchanges between the estuary and the coastal ocean. Both sources provide sediments and organic solids which affect water quality, geomorphology, and harbor operations. Results show that SSC is strongly linked to estuarine hydrodynamics, where concentrations increase with streamflow. During outflow periods, higher concentrations are associated with river runoff, whereas with inflow conditions they are induced by southern and southwesterly winds. However, relationship between SSC and streamflow is asymmetrical, meaning that the largest concentrations are majorly linked to outflow currents and downstream transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments)
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27 pages, 8412 KiB  
Article
Impact of Jetty Configuration Changes on the Hydrodynamics of the Subtropical Patos Lagoon Estuary, Brazil
by Maria Helena Paulo António, Elisa H. Fernandes and Jose H Muelbert
Water 2020, 12(11), 3197; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113197 - 16 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3201
Abstract
Coastal infrastructure alterations, such as jetty expansions, are designed to provide improvements to natural dredging and safety of marine access and to maximize the management and efficiency of ports. Furthermore, these alterations have the potential to cause significant environmental changes to estuaries and [...] Read more.
Coastal infrastructure alterations, such as jetty expansions, are designed to provide improvements to natural dredging and safety of marine access and to maximize the management and efficiency of ports. Furthermore, these alterations have the potential to cause significant environmental changes to estuaries and adjacent coastal areas. Here, the hydrodynamics of Pathos Lagoon was investigated before and after the jetty alterations, where the jetty was increased by approximately 10–18% and the mouth width was reduced by 15%. The TELEMAC-3D numerical model was calibrated and validated using the field data, and then simulated for characteristic low and high extreme discharge years for the old and new jetty configurations. Results showed a flow reduction of approximately 20% both in the ebb and flood conditions in the new configuration, which was accompanied by a slight change in the propagation angle of the western jetty current. Reduction of the saltwater intrusion was registered during both the high and low discharge conditions with the new jetty configuration. During the high discharge periods with NE winds, saltwater intrusion did not reach the previous estuarine inland boundary. During the period of low discharge with SW wind, salinity did not reach further than 180 km inland. Reduced saltwater intrusion was estimated landwards and in the shallow embayments. The horizontal stratification structure of the salinity changed, with the partial centralization of the flow in the access channel. The observed hydrodynamic changes from the infrastructure modifications could affect the estuarine ecosystem by increasing the sediment retention, reducing the transport of marine organisms and water properties into the estuary. This study contributes not only to the understanding of hydrodynamic changes but also to the potential optimization of estuarine and coastal management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments)
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14 pages, 1558 KiB  
Article
Estimating Suspended Sediment Concentrations from River Discharge Data for Reconstructing Gaps of Information of Long-Term Variability Studies
by Bárbara M. Jung, Elisa H. Fernandes, Osmar O. Möller, Jr. and Felipe García-Rodríguez
Water 2020, 12(9), 2382; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092382 - 25 Aug 2020
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3617
Abstract
Suspended sediment rating-curves are low cost and reliable tools used all around the world to estimate river suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) based on either linear or non-linear regression with a second variable, such as the river discharge. The aim of this paper is [...] Read more.
Suspended sediment rating-curves are low cost and reliable tools used all around the world to estimate river suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) based on either linear or non-linear regression with a second variable, such as the river discharge. The aim of this paper is to undertake an evaluation of four different suspended sediment rating-curves for three turbid large river tributaries flowing into the largest choked coastal lagoon of the world, a very turbid system. Statistical parameters such as Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), percent of bias (PBIAS) and a standardized root-mean-square error (RMSE), referred to as RSR (RMSE-observations standard deviation ratio) were used to calibrate and validate the suspended sediment rating-curves. Results indicated that for all tributaries, the non-linear approach yielded the best correlations and proved to be an effective tool to estimate the SSC from river flow data. The tested curves show low bias and high accuracy for monthly resolution. However, for higher temporal resolution, and therefore variability, an ad hoc data acquisition to capture extreme rating-curve values is required to reliably fill gaps of information for both performing modeling approaches and setting monitoring efforts for long-term variability studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydro-Sedimentary Processes and Methods in Estuarine and Coastal Environments)
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