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Soil-Water Management: An Essential Step towards Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water, Agriculture and Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2020) | Viewed by 14290

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Environment, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium
Interests: soil water management; agriculture; irrigation and drainage; water security

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Agriculture is key to attaining UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2 of ending hunger and achieving food security. As it is the direct livelihood for 2.5 billion smallholder farmers, it also contributes to ending poverty (SDG 1). However, when adopting sustainable principles, agriculture offers an immense opportunity to also address SDG 15 on the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems and halting and reversing land degradation, SDG 13 on combatting climate change and its impacts, and SDG 6 on ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water, contributing to water security.

Though subject to debate and contest, sustainable intensification in agriculture aims at enhancing agricultural productivity while minimizing the ecological footprint and rendering ecosystem services. In shifting to sustainable intensification in agriculture, the smart management of water on and in soil should be an entry point activity that can enforce the benefits of new technologies, including high-yielding crops, resource-friendly mechanization, efficient irrigation, and site-specific nutrient and pest management.

Soil-water management refers to the management of soil with the purpose of optimizing rainwater partitioning to enhance the quantity and flow of soil water. It encompasses a wide spectrum of practices aiming at promoting the infiltration of rain in soil, slowing down and impeding runoff water, collecting rainwater where it falls, retaining water at levels available to crops, and minimizing soil evaporation and unproductive crop transpiration. In this Special Issue, we wish to collect a range of articles from all over the world demonstrating that smart soil-water management can realise higher biomass production, while averting environmental hazards and minimizing inputs, and thus should be an essential step towards sustainable intensification in agriculture. While making smart use of the natural functionalities that ecosystems offer at the watershed, landscape or regional scale is an important part of the sustainable intensification of agriculture, this Special Issue will focus on practices adopted at the field scale.

Prof. Dr. Wim Cornelis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • soil-water management
  • sustainable land management
  • crop production
  • conservation practices
  • rainwater harvesting
  • rainfed agriculture
  • food security
  • water security
  • droughts and floods

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 8865 KiB  
Article
The Evaluation of the Accuracy of Interpolation Methods in Crafting Maps of Physical and Hydro-Physical Soil Properties
by Dušan Igaz, Karol Šinka, Peter Varga, Gréta Vrbičanová, Elena Aydın and Andrej Tárník
Water 2021, 13(2), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/w13020212 - 17 Jan 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5208
Abstract
The goal of this study was the spatial processing and showcasing selected soil properties (available water capacity, total organic carbon content and the content of clay fraction <0.001 mm) in the Nitra River Basin (Slovakia) via the usage and the subsequent evaluation of [...] Read more.
The goal of this study was the spatial processing and showcasing selected soil properties (available water capacity, total organic carbon content and the content of clay fraction <0.001 mm) in the Nitra River Basin (Slovakia) via the usage and the subsequent evaluation of the quality of applied interpolation methods (Spline, inverse distance weighting (IDW), Topo to Raster). The results showed the possibilities of “conversion” of point information obtained by field research as well as research in the laboratory into a spatial expression, thus providing at least relevant estimation of the soil properties even in localities not directly covered by soil sampling. Based on the evaluation and mutual comparison of the accuracy of the used interpolation methods (by using the so-called cross-validation and trust criteria), the most favorable results were achieved by the Spline method in the GRASS GIS environment, and in the ArcGIS environment. When comparing the measured and estimated values of given soil properties at control points, the interpolated values classified as very accurate up to accurate prevailed in the verification dataset. Qualitatively less favorable (but still acceptable) were the results obtained with Topo to Raster (ArcGIS) interpolation method. On the contrary, the Spline method in the ArcGIS environment turned out to be the least accurate. We assume that this is most likely not only a consequence of insufficient density of points (resources), but also an inappropriate implementation of the method into the ArcGIS environment. Full article
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18 pages, 10062 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Agricultural Drought Using a Cell-Based Daily Soil Water Analysis Model
by Soo-Jin Kim, Seung-Jong Bae and Min-Won Jang
Water 2020, 12(11), 3118; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12113118 - 6 Nov 2020
Viewed by 1702
Abstract
This study developed a cell-based daily soil water analysis model (CellSW) for evaluating agricultural drought and calculated an agricultural drought index called the “Rainfall Effectiveness Index for Crop” (REIC). The model analyzed a daily soil water balance based on crop types, growth stages, [...] Read more.
This study developed a cell-based daily soil water analysis model (CellSW) for evaluating agricultural drought and calculated an agricultural drought index called the “Rainfall Effectiveness Index for Crop” (REIC). The model analyzed a daily soil water balance based on crop types, growth stages, soils, and climate. It adopted the rasterized daily rainfall, daily evapotranspiration, crop coefficient (by crop growth stage), and root depth as input parameters; it also consecutively generated the daily surface layers of the water balance items in each cell, such as the consumptive use, effective rainfall, available soil water, and irrigation requirements. The model was applied in a test area in Illinois and Iowa, targeting corn and soybeans; the soil water balance was analyzed during the growing period from 2000 to 2018. The model calculated the seasonal REIC, defined as the ratio of supply quantity (effective rainfall) to demand quantity (crop evapotranspiration). In addition, the accumulated REIC values were estimated. The REIC was confirmed to accurately reflect drought situations in the relevant areas, based on comparisons with drought records. The cell-based model can be applied to different types of cultivated crops, growth stages, and soil conditions without spatial and temporal limitations, even in mixed farming. Full article
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16 pages, 9739 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Landscape Interventions on Groundwater Flow and Surface Runoff in a Watershed in the Upper Reaches of the Blue Nile
by Adugnaw T. Akale, Dessalegn C. Dagnew, Mamaru A. Moges, Seifu A. Tilahun and Tammo S. Steenhuis
Water 2019, 11(10), 2188; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11102188 - 21 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3225
Abstract
Anthropogenic landscape conversion from forest to agricultural land affects baseflow. Baseflow is a source of potable water and can be used for the irrigation of high value crops. Finding ways to increase base and inter flow (i.e., groundwater flow) is, therefore, essential for [...] Read more.
Anthropogenic landscape conversion from forest to agricultural land affects baseflow. Baseflow is a source of potable water and can be used for the irrigation of high value crops. Finding ways to increase base and inter flow (i.e., groundwater flow) is, therefore, essential for the improvement of the livelihood of rural inhabitants. Therefore, the objective is to investigate the effect of landscape interventions on stream discharge and, in particular, on groundwater flow. The Tikur-Wuha experimental watershed in the upper reaches of the Blue Nile was selected because discharge data were available before and after implementation of a suite of land management practices that, among others, enhanced the percolation of water to below the rootzone. The parameter efficient distributed (PED) model was used to separate overland flow from total flow. The groundwater flow index (GWFI), defined as the quotient of the annual groundwater flow to the total stream discharge at the outlet of the watershed, was calculated. Our analysis with the PED model showed that at similar annual rainfall amounts, more baseflow and less surface runoff was generated after the landscape intervention, which promoted deep infiltration of the rainwater. The decrease in surface runoff shortly after the implementation of the land management practices is similar to observations in other watersheds in the Ethiopian highlands. Full article
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15 pages, 3578 KiB  
Article
Spatial–Temporal Matching Characteristics between Agricultural Water and Land Resources in Ningxia, Northwest China
by Jie Du, Zhaohui Yang, Hao Wang, Guiyu Yang and Shuoyang Li
Water 2019, 11(7), 1460; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071460 - 14 Jul 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3330
Abstract
Agricultural water and land resources are key elements of human production and their unbalanced distribution has threatened the sustainable development of agriculture and regional food security. This study is aiming to investigate the spatial–temporal changes of matching characteristics between agricultural water and land [...] Read more.
Agricultural water and land resources are key elements of human production and their unbalanced distribution has threatened the sustainable development of agriculture and regional food security. This study is aiming to investigate the spatial–temporal changes of matching characteristics between agricultural water and land resources in Ningxia during 2007 to 2017. The agricultural irrigation water (AIW), farmland area (FA) and effective irrigated area (EIA) were selected as quantity parameters for agricultural water and land resource. Results show that the gravity centers of AIW and EIA both moved in the southeast direction, while the gravity center of FA moved northwestward, which indicated a better spatial matching degree between AIW and EIA. According to the Gini coefficient and total spatial mismatch index, the spatial mismatch between AIW and FA of Ningxia was remedied and that of AIW and EIA was worse. Counties with sufficient and insufficient AIW were distributed in the north and the south of Ningxia, respectively. The sensitivity of agricultural irrigation water to land resources remarkably increased in the study period, particularly for the counties in northern area of Ningxia. The findings may provide implications for effective management of regional agricultural water and land resources. Full article
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