Effect of Inclusion of Degraded and Non-Degraded Date Pits in Broilers’ Diet on their Intestinal Microbiota and Growth Performance
by
Salem R. Alyileili
1,*, 
Ibrahim E. H. Belal
1,*,
Ahmed S. Hussein
1 and
Khaled A. El-Tarabily
2,3,*
1
Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE
2
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE
3
College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Department of Agricultural Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Animals 2020, 10(11), 2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10112041
Submission received: 19 August 2020
/
Revised: 24 October 2020
/
Accepted: 30 October 2020
/
Published: 5 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Collection Nutraceuticals and Animal Physiology: Performance and Welfare)
Simple Summary
In developing countries, most of the feedstuffs for animal nutrition are imported. Therefore, great attention has been focused on the use of agro-industrial by-products as feedstuffs to improve the feeding value of animal nutrition. These improvements can be induced by different means, including feed additive supplements, such as enzymes, probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids. Other factors can also induce enhancement such as grinding, autoclaving, pelleting, and solid-state degradation by cellulolytic fungi. These methods aim to enhance the digestion of complex carbohydrates and decrease anti-nutritional constituents. In this study, the impact of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) using the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei in broiler’s diets on the gut bacterial growth and growth performance was investigated. It was found that when DDP are present at a rate of 10% of the broilers’ diet, it boosted gut health by increasing prebiotic production, thus serving as a growth promoter in broilers’ nutrition.
Abstract
The current study aims to assess the effect of non-degraded date pits (NDDP) and degraded date pits (DDP) in broilers’ diets on gut microbiota and growth performance. The degradation of date pits (DP) occurred via the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei by a solid-state degradation procedure. One-day-old Brazilian broilers were allocated into six dietary groups: (1) maize–soy diet, (2) maize–soy diet with oxytetracycline (20%, 50 g 100 kg−1), (3) maize–soy diet with 5% NDDP, (4) maize–soy diet with 10% NDDP, (5) maize–soy diet with 5% DDP, and (6) maize–soy diet with 10% DDP. At the end of the trial, the total count of bacteria was significantly (p < 0.05) less in broilers fed 10% DDP diet (treatment 6) compared with the control group (treatment 1). In addition, DDP and oxytetracycline control diets have a similar diminishing effect on total bacterial counts and the populations of Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli. Over 35 days of trial, weight gains were similar among the six dietary groups. Our results showed that DDP and control diets have a similar effect on growth performance. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was poorer in broilers fed NDDP diets than other treatments. The European Production Efficiency Index (EPEI) was greater with 5% and 10% DDP than those fed NDDP at the same levels, with no significant variance from the control and antibiotic-supplemented diet (treatment 2). Overall, it can be suggested that maintaining 10% of DDP can partly replace dietary maize while also serves as a gut health enhancer and thus a growth promoter in the diet for broilers.
