The Potential Role of PSMA-Targeted PET in Salivary Gland Malignancies: An Updated Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol
2.2. Literature Search Strategy and Information Sources
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Selection Process
2.5. Data Collection Process and Data Extraction
2.6. Quality Assessment (Risk of Bias Assessment)
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search and Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Risk of Bias and Applicability
3.4. Results of Individual Studies
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Authors [Ref.] | Year | Country | Study Design/Number of Involved Centers | Funding Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kein Nulent et al. [14] | 2017 | The Netherlands | Single center/Retrospective | None declared |
Van Boxtel et al. [15] | 2020 | The Netherlands | Single center/Prospective | Dutch Salivary Gland Cancer Platform and the ACC Research Foundation |
Klein Nulent et al. [16] | 2021 | The Netherlands | Single center/Retrospective | None declared |
Wang et al. [17] | 2022 | China | Single center/Prospective | Several funding sources disclosed |
Civan et al. [18] | 2023 | Germany | Single center/Retrospective | Several funding sources disclosed |
Shamim et al. [19] | 2024 | India | Single center/Prospective | None declared |
First Authors [Ref.] | Sample Size (No. of Patients) | Mean/Median Age (Years) | Gender (Male %) | Clinical Setting (No. Patients) | Location of Primary Tumor (No. of Patients) | SGM Subtype (No. of Patients) | Comparative Imaging |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kein Nulent et al. [14] | 9 | Median: 54 | 44% | 9 Restaging | 4 Parotid 3 Palate 2 Nasal cavity | 9 ACC | [18F]FDG PET/CT; CT |
Van Boxtel et al. [15] | 25 | Median ACC: 58 Median SDC: 70 | 84% | 25 Restaging | 22 Salivary gland 1 Trachea 1 Bronchus 1 Bartholin gland | 15 ACC 10 SDC | CT; MRI |
Klein Nulent et al. [16] | 6 | Median: 39 | 50% | 6 Restaging | 3 Parotid 1 Submandibular 1 Hard palate 1 Cheek mucosa | 4 ACC 1 Adenocarcinoma 1 Acinic cell carcinoma | Not available |
Wang et al. [17] | 30 | Mean: 43 | 50% | 1 Staging 29 Restasging | n.a. | 30 ACC | [18F]FDG PET/CT |
Civan et al. [18] | 28 | Median: 59 | 39% | 2 Staging 26 Restaging | 8 Parotid 7 Submandibular 3 Sublingual 10 Minor SG | 24 ACC 2 Adenocarcinoma 1 Acinic cell carcinoma 1 Sebaceous carcinoma | CT |
Shamim et al. [19] | 17 | Mean: 44 | 41% | 4 Staging 13 Restaging | 5 Paranasal sinuses 5 Hard palate 3 Parotid 2 Submandibular 1 Nasopharynx 1 Oropharynx | 17 ACC | [18F]FDG PET/CT |
First Authors [Ref.] | Tracer | Hybrid Imaging | Administered Activity | Uptake Time (Minutes) | Image Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kein Nulent et al. [14] | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 | PET/CT | 2 MBq/kg | 60 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax) |
Van Boxtel et al. [15] | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 | PET/CT | 3 MBq/kg | 60 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax; TBR) |
Klein Nulent et al. [16] * | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 | PET/CT | 2 MBq/kg | 60 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax) |
Wang et al. [17] ** | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 | PET/CT | 1.8–2.2 MBq/kg | 50-60 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax) |
Civan et al. [18] ** | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 [18F]PSMA-1007 | PET/CT | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11: 116 MBq [18F]PSMA-1007: 281 MBq | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11: 63 [18F]PSMA-1007: 98 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax) |
Shamim et al. [19] | [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 | PET/CT | 111–185 MBq | 45 | Qualitative; Semiquantitative (SUVmax; TBR) |
First Authors [Ref.] | Disease Sites Other than SG. | Lesions SUVmax | Immunohistochemistry for PSMA | Detection Rate | Stage Migration (No. Patient) | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Klein Nulent et al. [14] | Lymph node Lung Bone Liver Peritoneum Meninges | Different sites ranging from 2.04 to 12.97 | Staining on tumor cells ranging from 5 to 90% | Per patient: 89% | Upstaging 4/9 | PSMA-PET could detect local recurrence and distant metastases in ACC patients. |
Van Boxtel et al. [15] | Lymph node Lung Pleura Pericardium Bone Liver Brain Subcutaneous | Different sites ranging from 0.3 to 30.2 | ACC: tumor cells ranging from 0 to 90%; tumor-associated neovasculature: 0/11 samples. SDC: tumor cells 0%; tumor-associated neovasculature: 8/9 samples. | Per patient ACC: 93% Per patient SDC: 40% | Upstaging: 2/15 ACC; 0/15 SDC | PSMA-PET added diagnostic value in some of the ACC patients compared to CT. |
Klein Nulent et al. [16] | Lymph node Lung Bone Liver | Different sites ranging from 3.5 to 12.5 | Staining for PSMA ranging from 5% to 95% | Per patient: 100% | Not available | When PSMA expression is sufficient, PSMA-targeted RLT may improve symptoms and induce a PR or SD in one-third of patients. |
Wang et al. [17] | Lymph node Lung BoneLiver | Primary tumor: 9.8 Local recurrence: 10.4 Distant metastases: 4.1 | Not available | Per patient: 90% | Not available | PSMA-PET is a valuable tool for diagnosing and staging ACC. Combined with FDG PET, it can improve diagnostic performance. |
Civan et al. [18] | Lymph node Lung Bone | not available | Not available | Per patient: 96% | Upstaging: 3/28 | PSMA PET/CT upstaged about one-third of SGM patients compared to CT. |
Shamim et al. [19] | Lymph nodes Lung Bone Liver Brain Bone | Primary tumor: 4.8 Different sites ranging from 1.8 to 8.1 | Not available | Pet patient: 100% | Upstaging 2/17 | PSMA PET/CT may have a theragnostic role in ACC patients and can detect additional metastatic sites compared to FDG PET. |
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Rizzo, A.; Albano, D.; Elisei, F.; Racca, M.; Dondi, F.; Annunziata, S.; Cuzzocrea, M.; Bertagna, F.; Treglia, G. The Potential Role of PSMA-Targeted PET in Salivary Gland Malignancies: An Updated Systematic Review. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1516. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141516
Rizzo A, Albano D, Elisei F, Racca M, Dondi F, Annunziata S, Cuzzocrea M, Bertagna F, Treglia G. The Potential Role of PSMA-Targeted PET in Salivary Gland Malignancies: An Updated Systematic Review. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(14):1516. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141516
Chicago/Turabian StyleRizzo, Alessio, Domenico Albano, Federica Elisei, Manuela Racca, Francesco Dondi, Salvatore Annunziata, Marco Cuzzocrea, Francesco Bertagna, and Giorgio Treglia. 2024. "The Potential Role of PSMA-Targeted PET in Salivary Gland Malignancies: An Updated Systematic Review" Diagnostics 14, no. 14: 1516. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141516