Smart Responsive Materials for Sensors and Actuators

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuator Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2025 | Viewed by 2113

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: fabrication of liquid crystal materials and their applications in the fields of detection; actuators; artificial muscles; soft robots

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: alkyne chemistry; organic materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: liquid crystal elastomers; covalent adaptable networks; vitrimers; soft actuators

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in the fabrication techniques have enabled the production of different types of sensors and actuators that can be utilized in a wide range of applications, such as detectors, soft robotics, biomedical, and smart textiles. Smart responsive materials have been increasingly popular in the field of sensors and actuators due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which enable them to respond dynamically to external stimuli such as radiation, temperature, chemical reactions, external forces, and magnetic and electric fields. The research presented in this Special Issue underscores the significant potential of smart responsive materials in creating the next generation of smart materials and devices. As the field continues to evolve, these materials are expected to play a crucial role in a wide array of technological advancements, from environmental sensing and healthcare monitoring to soft robots and beyond. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  1. Stimuli-responsive materials (liquid crystals, carbon nanotubes, graphenes, mxenes, shape memory alloys, hydrogels, polymers, elastomers, etc.).
  2. Dynamic responses to external stimuli (new mechanisms for sensing and responding to diverse stimuli, more complex and versatile sensing and actuation capabilities, and their potential applications in various fields).
  3. Advancements in fabrication techniques (additive manufacturing, 3D printing, DLP, weaving, and knitting).
  4. Sensing applications (showcases the utilization of smart responsive materials in developing advanced sensors for environmental and wearable health monitors).
  5. Actuation applications (explores the design and implementation of actuators made from smart responsive materials for applications in soft robotics, biomimetic devices, and human–computer-interaction).
  6. Smart textiles and wearable technologies (smart textiles, wearable sensors, electronic devices, human–computer-interaction).
  7. Soft robots (robotic materials, soft robotics, self-reconfigurable robotics, bioinspired robotics).
  8. Sustainability and environmental impact (evaluates the environmental footprint of smart responsive materials, including their production processes, recyclability, and potential applications in waste management and pollution control).
  9. Artificial intelligence (AI-empowered smart responsive materials for sensing and actuation, explores how AI enhances the design, optimization and performance of sensors and actuators made from smart responsive materials, revolutionizing their efficiency and adaptability).
  10. Challenges and future directions (identifies the current challenges facing the field, such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and long-term stability, and outlines potential avenues for future research and development).

Dr. Zhongqiang Yang
Prof. Dr. Ruimao Hua
Dr. Huan Liang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • smart responsive materials
  • additive manufacturing
  • sensors
  • actuators
  • environmental and healthcare monitoring
  • smart textiles
  • soft robots
  • human–computer interaction
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2949 KiB  
Article
Photo-Responsive Liquid Crystal Elastomer Coils Inspired by Tropism Movements of Plants
by Xiyun Zhan, Zhiyu Ran, Jiajun Li, Jiaqi Zhu, Zhibo Zhang and Kun-Lin Yang
Actuators 2025, 14(4), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14040171 - 31 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Plant tendrils exhibit intriguing tropism motions like bending, twisting, and coiling. Herein, we report the application of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) to make a light-sensitive and biomimetic coil to replicate behaviors of plant tendrils. The LCE coil consists of diacrylate azobenzene, diacrylate [...] Read more.
Plant tendrils exhibit intriguing tropism motions like bending, twisting, and coiling. Herein, we report the application of a liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) to make a light-sensitive and biomimetic coil to replicate behaviors of plant tendrils. The LCE coil consists of diacrylate azobenzene, diacrylate mesogens, and thiol-based spacers. These components are first mixed to form a highly viscous prepolymer solution through a thiol-acrylate Michael addition reaction. Subsequently, an extrusion–rolling process is developed to draw the viscous solution into a coil, which is mechanically stretched in a single direction to align mesogens in the LCE. Finally, the coil is photopolymerized under UV light to form an LCE coil with a diameter of 375 µm. The LCE coil possesses good rigidity and flexibility and shows movement upon light exposure. For example, the LCE coil shows a reversible bending up to 120° to 365 nm UV and 30% contraction to 455 nm visible light, respectively, due to trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene derivatives. When the coil is irradiated with UV light with an intensity up to 10 mW cm−2, it can twist and coil up. It can also wrap around the UV light tube in 6 s, similar to a plant tendril. This type of light-responsive coil has great potential in making biomimetic plants or soft robotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Responsive Materials for Sensors and Actuators)
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Review

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28 pages, 7471 KiB  
Review
Chemical Recycling of Epoxy Thermosets: From Sources to Wastes
by Shuhan Zhang, Enjian He, Huan Liang, Zhijun Yang, Yixuan Wang, Zhongqiang Yang, Chao Gao, Guoli Wang, Yen Wei and Yan Ji
Actuators 2024, 13(11), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13110449 - 8 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1440
Abstract
As one of the most widely used thermosets due to its excellent performances, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields and often employed as a component of composite actuator devices, strengthening their mechanical properties. However, the expanding production of EP inevitably [...] Read more.
As one of the most widely used thermosets due to its excellent performances, epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in various fields and often employed as a component of composite actuator devices, strengthening their mechanical properties. However, the expanding production of EP inevitably leads to the accumulation of waste end-of-life equipment and the corresponding increasingly serious environmental problems. This review summarizes the recycling strategies of EP, divided into two perspectives: recycling from wastes and sources. Chemical recycling is expected to be the future of waste EP treatment, and we discuss the chemical recycling methods of existing waste EP based on different mechanisms, including the selective cleavage of ester bonds, C–N bonds, and C–O bonds. On the other hand, epoxy vitrimer networks based on various dynamic covalent linkages are also outlined, which can respond to multiple external stimuli and provide materials with recyclability from the origin. Therefore, the use of epoxy vitrimer actuators can prevent waste generation throughout the whole lifecycle. We present some issues of concern in both waste-based and source-based recycling strategies and emphasize the significance of scaling-up. Finally, we summarized the current situation and present some future perspectives with the aim of making practical contributions to environmental issues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Responsive Materials for Sensors and Actuators)
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