Advanced mm-Wave and Terahertz Antenna Systems

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are living in a time when the impact of technology on humanity is more important than ever. From mobile to satellite and military communications and ubiquitous computing to pervasive connectivity, new capabilities have been changing how we interact with devices everywhere in our lives and impacting how we experience the world. Within this framework, millimeter wave (mm-wave) and terahertz systems have attracted significant interest for various applications, such as wireless sensing, imaging, and communications. The 76-81 GHz frequency band is allocated for the automotive radar system which provides the function of collision detection and blind spot detection to improve driving efficiency and safety. Mm-wave radars have been used to track breathing and heartbeat rate to detect sleep apnea. Indoor body posture tracking can also be used for fall detection. Furthermore, the high precision mm-wave radar component can have a small size and be integrated with mobile devices for various gesture recognitions. Moreover, the mm-wave is an enabling technology for 5G/6G networks and Internet of Things (IoT) allowing applications to stream ultra-high-definition video and increase the quality of service (QoS) for densely populated areas as well as remote surgery, autonomous vehicles, and vehicle-to-vehicle communications which are latency sensitive.

Most mm-wave systems require more than one antenna operating at different frequencies/polarizations and capable of operating in different complex environments. The main challenges of communication systems for IoT and smart industrial applications include the need for robust connectivity, the large number of frequency bands to be covered, and efficient, cost-effective, scalable, and reliable antenna systems. In such a framework, radiating structures represent critical sub-systems of smart devices. Antennas and sensors for this class of devices must be compact, lightweight, inexpensive, and deliver reasonable performance in ever-shrinking footprints under extreme interference conditions. Furthermore, multifunction antennas with adaptive properties are key elements for enabling next-generation IoT applications.

The research in mm-wave antennas is multidisciplinary and includes knowledge of electromagnetic principles and theory, modeling and simulations, physics, material science, system performance assessment and optimization techniques, energy efficiency, and radio network planning.

Prof. Dr. Luciano Mescia
Dr. Pietro Bia
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2400
Electronics electronics	2.6	5.3	2012	16.8 Days	CHF 2400
Remote Sensing remotesensing	4.2	8.3	2009	24.7 Days	CHF 2700
Sensors sensors	3.4	7.3	2001	16.8 Days	CHF 2600

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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21 pages, 2237 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Wideband Power Amplifier in 65 nm CMOS Covering 25.8 GHz–36.9 GHz by Staggering Tuned MCRs

by Zhiqiang Wang, Xiaosong Wang and Yu Liu

Electronics 2023, 12(17), 3566; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12173566 - 23 Aug 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1627

Abstract

Broadband millimeter-wave power amplifiers have attracted much attention and have wide applications for 5G communication, satellite communication, radar, sensing, etc. Yet, it is challenging to design a power amplifier with broadband small-signal gain and power performance simultaneously. In this study, a transformer-based symmetrical [...] Read more.

Broadband millimeter-wave power amplifiers have attracted much attention and have wide applications for 5G communication, satellite communication, radar, sensing, etc. Yet, it is challenging to design a power amplifier with broadband small-signal gain and power performance simultaneously. In this study, a transformer-based symmetrical magnetically coupled resonator (MCR) matching network for broadband output matching and stagger-tuned MCRs are used to achieve both broadband small- and large-signal performance. Also, to enhance the gain for the power amplifier, a three-stage common-source pseudo-differential structure is adopted to mitigate the low-gain issue due to stagger tuning, and the shunt resistors aimed to decrease the Q factor of the MCRs. We used the in-phase two-way current combined with microstrip transmission lines to increase the output power. Designed in 65 nm bulky CMOS technology, the power amplifier presents a 3 dB small-signal gain bandwidth from 25.8 GHz to 36.9 GHz, indicating a peak gain of 25.87 dB at 30.5 GHz. The power amplifier demonstrates a 17.84 dBm saturated output power ($P_{sat}$) at 31 GHz and a 24.37% peak power added efficiency ($PA{E}_{max}$) at 28 GHz. The power amplifier achieves a flat $P_{sat}$ of 17.44 ± 0.4 dBm, a $PA{E}_{max}$ of 22.59 ± 1.78%, and an $O{P}_{1dB}$ of 13.78 ± 0.31 dBm from 26 GHz to 36 GHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced mm-Wave and Terahertz Antenna Systems)

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18 pages, 5891 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Mutual Coupling Reduction in Antenna Arrays Using Artificial Intelligence Approach and Inverse Neural Network Surrogates

by Saeed Roshani, Slawomir Koziel, Salah I. Yahya, Muhammad Akmal Chaudhary, Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Sobhan Roshani and Lukasz Golunski

Sensors 2023, 23(16), 7089; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23167089 - 10 Aug 2023

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2800

Abstract

This paper presents a novel approach to reducing undesirable coupling in antenna arrays using custom-designed resonators and inverse surrogate modeling. To illustrate the concept, two standard patch antenna cells with 0.07λ edge-to-edge distance were designed and fabricated to operate at 2.45 GHz. A [...] Read more.

This paper presents a novel approach to reducing undesirable coupling in antenna arrays using custom-designed resonators and inverse surrogate modeling. To illustrate the concept, two standard patch antenna cells with 0.07λ edge-to-edge distance were designed and fabricated to operate at 2.45 GHz. A stepped-impedance resonator was applied between the antennas to suppress their mutual coupling. For the first time, the optimum values of the resonator geometry parameters were obtained using the proposed inverse artificial neural network (ANN) model, constructed from the sampled EM-simulation data of the system, and trained using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The inverse ANN surrogate directly yields the optimum resonator dimensions based on the target values of its S-parameters being the input parameters of the model. The involvement of surrogate modeling also contributes to the acceleration of the design process, as the array does not need to undergo direct EM-driven optimization. The obtained results indicate a remarkable cancellation of the surface currents between two antennas at their operating frequency, which translates into isolation as high as −46.2 dB at 2.45 GHz, corresponding to over 37 dB improvement as compared to the conventional setup. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced mm-Wave and Terahertz Antenna Systems)

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11 pages, 6007 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Highly Integrated Ka-Band Multi-Beam Network Design Based on a Low-Cost Multi-Layer Printed Circuit Board

by Xiao Yang Zhang, Jun Yang, Bo Zhang, Yan Li, Ruo Xin Li, Xu Rong Qin and Mao Long

Electronics 2023, 12(13), 2877; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12132877 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1404

Abstract

A Ka-band low-profile and low-loss tile-type four-beam network based on high-density interconnection printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed, which integrates a power supply network, serial peripheral interface (SPI) control network, and four-beam radio frequency (RF) feeding network. In order to realize the [...] Read more.

A Ka-band low-profile and low-loss tile-type four-beam network based on high-density interconnection printed circuit board (PCB) technology is proposed, which integrates a power supply network, serial peripheral interface (SPI) control network, and four-beam radio frequency (RF) feeding network. In order to realize the fast optimal design, an integrated multi-beam network topology and fast optimization methods are established. The proposed feed networks can be integrated with antenna array structures directly, which not only realizes low-profile, light, and miniaturized design but also achieves efficient heat dissipation and low-loss interconnection. The designed multi-beam network has an amplitude balance better than ±0.5 dB and a phase balance better than ±6° in the Ka-band with a 4 GHz working bandwidth. A prototype was fabricated and measured, and good performance was observed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced mm-Wave and Terahertz Antenna Systems)

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14 pages, 17675 KiB  

Open AccessCommunication

Large Scale Optical Assisted Mm-Wave Beam-Hopping System for Multi-Hop Bent-Pipe LEO Satellite Networks

by Shiyi Xia, Peilong Liu, Mingyang Zhao, Cheng Zou, Fengwei Shao, Jifeng Jin, Haiwang Wang and Guotong Li

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063480 - 9 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2669

Abstract

By introducing the arrayed waveguide router (AWGR) optical true time-delay (OTTD) architecture in bent-pipe satellite optical inter-link to optically assist the RF phased array in Low-earth orbit satellites will extend the multi-hop bent-pipe satellite beam-hopping protocol proposed in DVB-S2X. It solves the challenge [...] Read more.

By introducing the arrayed waveguide router (AWGR) optical true time-delay (OTTD) architecture in bent-pipe satellite optical inter-link to optically assist the RF phased array in Low-earth orbit satellites will extend the multi-hop bent-pipe satellite beam-hopping protocol proposed in DVB-S2X. It solves the challenge of beam steering with the support of precise, broadband, and wide-range scanning. This architecture utilizes a subarray to combine the advantages of AWGR and a high-precision RF phase shifter to realize the beam pointing without an oblique view. Unlike the traditional digital and analog phased array architecture, the introduction of OTTD can solve the problem of beam squint and also ensure the high-precision scanning of the beam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced mm-Wave and Terahertz Antenna Systems)

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