Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. BE Behavior in Rats Exposed to Food Restrictions Plus Stress
2.2. Regulation of ECS in Rats Exposed to Food Restrictions and Stress Procedure
2.3. Endogenous Content of eCBs
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects and Diet Composition
4.2. Tissue Collection, Nucleic Acids and Chromatin Extraction
4.3. Analysis of Gene Expression
4.4. DNA Methylation
4.5. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
4.6. UHPLC-MS/MS Analysis of eCBs Levels
4.7. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feeding Tests | NR + NS | NR + S | R + NS | R + S | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 min | 120 min | 15 min | 120 min | 15 min | 120 min | 15 min | 120 min | |
FIRST | 84.1 ± 5.6 | 113.2 ± 9.5 | 70.6 ± 6.8 | 103.0 ± 12.7 | 87.1 ± 7.4 | 118.5 ± 8.0 | 131.3 ± 7.1 ** | 177.8 ± 4.4 ** |
SECOND | 82.3 ± 7.4 | 120.7 ± 10.2 | 72.5 ± 3.0 | 101.3 ± 5.9 | 74.6 ± 5.2 | 117.4 ± 6.5 | 127.5 ± 4.5 ** | 166.1 ± 10.0 ** |
THIRD | 73.1 ± 5.8 | 105.7 ± 7.8 | 78.9 ± 5.6 | 107.9 ± 5.5 | 87.0 ± 4.8 | 116.3 ± 5.0 | 132.2 ± 10.0 ** | 179.4 ± 14.4 ** |
FOURTH | 72.3 ± 3.9 | 107.3 ± 1.0 | 83.6 ± 4.6 | 113.7 ± 3.1 | 86.6 ± 3.9 | 109.7 ± 3.6 | 130.7 ± 3.6 ** | 167.0 ± 9.6 ** |
% DNA Methylation | Relative Gene Expression | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Spearman’s r | p Value | Equation | p Value | |
Faah CpG site 4 | −0.4404 | 0.059 | Y = −2.853 × X + 7.706 | 0.0662 |
Faah CpG site 5 | −0.5634 | 0.0120 | Y = −0.7290 × X + 1.643 | 0.0179 |
Dagl CpG site 1 | −0.258 | 0.301 | Y = −0.7624 × X + 3.216 | 0.4919 |
Magl CpG site 4 | −0.1685 | 0.5300 | Y = −0.6307 × X + 3.654 | 0.3297 |
Magl CpG site 6 | −0.1694 | 0.5121 | Y = −0.2996 × X + 1.994 | 0.2883 |
AEA levels | ||||
% DNA Methylation | Spearman’s r | p value | Equation | p value |
Faah CpG site 4 | −0.3561 | 0.1345 | Y = −23.47 × X + 6.111 | 0.0826 |
Faah CpG site 5 | −0.5353 | 0.0182 | Y = −4.495 × X + 1.179 | 0.1065 |
Relative gene expression | ||||
Faah | 0.4842 | 0.0305 | Y = 0.05542 × X − 0.01095 | 0.0288 |
Cnr1 | 0.4055 | 0.0761 | Y = 0.02809 × X + 0.003122 | 0.1044 |
Relative gene expression | Relative gene expression Faah | |||
Spearman’s r | p value | Equation | p value | |
Cnr1 | 0.3796 | 0.0987 | Y = 0.2759 × X + 0.5403 | 0.0678 |
AEA levels | Palatable food intake (kcal/kg) | |||
Spearman’s r | p value | Equation | p value | |
0.6045 | 0.0048 | Y = 535.0 × X + 107.8 | 0.0013 |
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Pucci, M.; D’Addario, C.; Micioni Di Bonaventura, E.; Mercante, F.; Annunzi, E.; Fanti, F.; Sergi, M.; Botticelli, L.; Einaudi, G.; Cifani, C.; et al. Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315228
Pucci M, D’Addario C, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Mercante F, Annunzi E, Fanti F, Sergi M, Botticelli L, Einaudi G, Cifani C, et al. Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(23):15228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315228
Chicago/Turabian StylePucci, Mariangela, Claudio D’Addario, Emanuela Micioni Di Bonaventura, Francesca Mercante, Eugenia Annunzi, Federico Fanti, Manuel Sergi, Luca Botticelli, Giacomo Einaudi, Carlo Cifani, and et al. 2022. "Endocannabinoid System Regulation in Female Rats with Recurrent Episodes of Binge Eating" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 23: 15228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315228