3D Printed Microfluidic Features Using Dose Control in X, Y, and Z Dimensions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material Sources
2.2. Glass Slide Preparation
2.3. Resin Preparation
2.4. Device Designs
2.5. 3D Printing Parameters
2.6. Edge Compensation Technique
2.7. Measurement of Print Featuures
2.8. Trapping Opperation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Exterior Features
3.1.1. Ridges
3.1.2. Trenches
3.2. Interior Features
3.2.1. Ridges
3.2.2. Trenches
3.2.3. Pillars
3.2.4. Trapping Devices
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Au, A.K.; Huynh, W.; Horowitz, L.F.; Folch, A. 3D-printed microfluidics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 3862–3881. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shallan, A.I.; Smejkal, P.; Corban, M.; Guijt, R.M.; Breadmore, M.C. Cost effective 3D printing of visible transparent microchips within minutes. Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 3124–3130. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Plevniak, K.; Campbell, M.; Myers, T.; Hodges, A.; He, M. 3D Printed Auto-Mixing chip enables rapid smartphone analysis of anemia. Biomicrofluidics 2016, 10, 054113. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brooks, J.C.; Fort, K.I.; Holder, D.H.; Holtan, M.D.; Easley, C.J. Macro to micro interfacing to microfluidic channels using 3d printed templates: Application to time resolved secretion sampling of endocrine tissue. Analyst 2016, 141, 5714–5721. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, W.; Kwon, D.; Choi, W.; Jung, G.Y.; Au, A.K.; Folch, A.; Jeon, S. 3D-printed microfluidic device for the detection of pathogenic bacteria using size-based separation in helical channel with trapezoid cross-section. Sci. Rep. 2015, 5, 7717. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Takenaga, S.; Schneider, B.; Erbay, E.; Biselli, M.; Schnitzler, T.; Schöning, M.J.; Wagner, T. Fabrication of biocompatible lab-on-chip devices for biomedical applications by means of a 3D-printing process. Phys. Status Solidi A 2015, 212, 1347–1352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Urrios, A.; Parra-Cabrera, C.; Bhattacharjee, N.; Gonzalez-Suarez, A.M.; Rigat-Brugarolas, L.G.; Nallapatti, U.; Samitier, J.; DeForest, C.A.; Posas, F.; Carcia-Cordero, J.L.; et al. 3D printing of transparent bio-microfluidic devices in PEGDA. Lab Chip 2016, 16, 2287–2294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Macdonald, N.P.; Cabot, J.M.; Smejkal, P.; Guit, R.M.; Paull, B.; Breadmore, M.C. Comparing microfluidic performance of three-dimensional (3D) printing platforms. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89, 3858–3866. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sochol, R.D.; Sweet, E.; Glick, C.C.; Venkatesh, S.; Avetisyan, A.; Ekman, K.G.; Raulinaitis, A.; Tsai, A.; Wienkers, A.; Korner, K.; et al. 3D printed microfluidic circuitry via multijet based additive manufacturing. Lab Chip 2016, 16, 668–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lee, K.G.; Park, K.J.; Seok, S.; Shin, S.; Kim, D.H.; Park, J.Y.; Heo, Y.S.; Lee, S.J.; Lee, T.J. 3D printed modules for integrated microfluidic devices. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 32876–32880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, J.M.; Zhang, M.; Yeong, W.Y. Characterization and evaluation of 3D printed microfluidic chip for cell processing. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2016, 20, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, Y.; Wu, Y.; Fu, J.; Gao, Q.; Qiu, J. Developments of 3D printing Microfluidics and Applications in Chemistry and Biology: A Review. Electroanalysis 2016, 28, 1–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yazdi, A.A.; Popma, A.; Wong, W.; Nguyen, T.; Pan, Y.; Xu, J. 3D Printing: An emerging tool for novel microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications. Microfluid. Nanofluid. 2016, 20, 1–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, C.; Mehl, B.T.; Munshi, A.S.; Townsend, A.D.; Spence, D.M.; Martin, R.S. 3D-printed microfluidic devices: Fabrication, advantages and limitations-a mini review. Anal. Methods 2016, 8, 6005–6012. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Waheed, S.; Cabot, J.M.; Macdonald, N.P.; Lewis, T.; Guijt, R.M.; Paull, B.; Breadmore, M.C. 3D printed microfluidic devices: Enablers and barriers. Lab Chip 2016, 16, 1993–2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Beauchamp, M.J.; Nordin, G.P.; Woolley, A.T. Moving from millifluidic to truly microfluidic sub-100 μm cross-section 3D printed devices. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2017, 409, 4311–4318. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ukita, Y.; Takamura, Y.; Utsumi, Y. Direct digital manufacturing of autonomous centrifugal microfluidic device. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2016, 55, 06GN02. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Walczak, R.; Adamski, K. Inkjet 3D printing of microfluidic structures-on the selction of the printer towards printing your own microfluidic chips. J. Micromech. Microeng. 2015, 25, 085013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fuad, N.M.; Carve, M.; Kaslin, J.; Wlodkowic, D. Characterization of 3D-printed moulds for soft lithography of millifluidic devices. Micromachines 2018, 9, 116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gong, H.; Beauchamp, M.J.; Perry, S.; Woolley, A.T.; Nordin, G.P. Optical approach to resin formulation for 3D printed microfluidics. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 106621–106632. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gong, H.; Bickham, B.P.; Woolley, A.T.; Nordin, G.P. Custom 3D printer and resin for 18 μm × 20 μm microfluidic flow channels. Lab Chip 2017, 17, 2899–2909. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gong, H.; Woolley, A.T.; Nordin, G.P. 3D printed high density, reversible, chip-to-chip microfluidic interconnects. Lab Chip 2018, 4, 639–647. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Beauchamp, M.J.; Gong, H.; Woolley, A.T.; Nordin, G.P. 3D Printed Microfluidic Features Using Dose Control in X, Y, and Z Dimensions. Micromachines 2018, 9, 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9070326
Beauchamp MJ, Gong H, Woolley AT, Nordin GP. 3D Printed Microfluidic Features Using Dose Control in X, Y, and Z Dimensions. Micromachines. 2018; 9(7):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9070326
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeauchamp, Michael J., Hua Gong, Adam T. Woolley, and Gregory P. Nordin. 2018. "3D Printed Microfluidic Features Using Dose Control in X, Y, and Z Dimensions" Micromachines 9, no. 7: 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9070326