A Critical Review of Research on Reuse of Mechanically Recycled FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste for Construction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Waste Management Methods
3. Applications of Recycled FRP Waste in Cementitious Materials
3.1. Durability and Physical Properties
3.2. Mechanical Properties
3.2.1. Replacement of Fine Aggregates
3.2.2 Replacement of Coarse Aggregates
4. Can the Use of FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste in Concrete be Optimized?
5. Conclusions
- Landfilling FRP waste is still the easiest and cheapest method for managing FRP waste in most countries, including the U.S. However, environmental regulations are becoming tighter and it is expected that landfilling FRP will become more restricted, as it already is in several countries, including Germany.
- The most researched application of mechanically recycled FRP waste is its use as a partial replacement of fillers in new FRP composite materials. This usually reduces the mechanical properties of the new composite material.
- Partial replacement of aggregates in concrete and mortars is another potential application of mechanically recycled FRP. The few investigations performed on this topic suggest that recycled FRP fillers do not notably affect the durability of cementitious materials, but significantly reduce their mechanical properties.
- In most of the experimental studies on the mechanical properties of FRP-waste-incorporated concrete and mortars, finely ground FRP particles have been used as a partial replacement of aggregates. Finely ground FRP waste particles consist of poorly bonded pieces of polymer resin and fibers. Since polymer resin particles have a low stiffness, if the FRP waste has a high resin content, it can significantly reduce the strength of concrete or mortars.
- It was hypothesized that using larger FRP aggregates with rough surface will have a much smaller adverse effect on the mechanical properties of cementitious materials. In some types of FRP waste, this will require removing the gel coat or release agents from the material surface in order to improve the bond between the FRP pieces and the cement matrix. However, this option might not be feasible.
- To determine if using FRP waste in concrete is a viable option, further investigations must be performed on both durability and mechanical properties. In addition, for use in structural concrete, the fire resistance and mechanical performance of the FRP-waste-incorporated concrete at high temperatures should be investigated.
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Yazdanbakhsh, A.; Bank, L.C. A Critical Review of Research on Reuse of Mechanically Recycled FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste for Construction. Polymers 2014, 6, 1810-1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6061810
Yazdanbakhsh A, Bank LC. A Critical Review of Research on Reuse of Mechanically Recycled FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste for Construction. Polymers. 2014; 6(6):1810-1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6061810
Chicago/Turabian StyleYazdanbakhsh, Ardavan, and Lawrence C. Bank. 2014. "A Critical Review of Research on Reuse of Mechanically Recycled FRP Production and End-of-Life Waste for Construction" Polymers 6, no. 6: 1810-1826. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym6061810