Variability of Stable Isotope in Lake Water and Its Hydrological Processes Identification in Mt. Yulong Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Data Collection
2.2.2. Isotope-Mass Balance Model
3. Results
3.1. Seasonal Variability of δ18O and d-excess in the Lake Surface Water
3.2. Spatial Variability of δ18O and d-excess in the Vertical Profiles
3.3. Evaluation of E/I Ratios
4. Discussions
4.1. Sources Identification in Lashi Lake
4.2. Sensitivity Analysis of Isotope-Mass Balance Model
4.3. Implications for E/I Ratio
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Type | Sampling Date | Sampling Number | δ18O/‰ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ave | Max | Min | |||
Surface lake water | August 2014 | 46 | −9.75 | −8.16 | −12.98 |
Surface lake water | April 2015 | 12 | −7.42 | −6.88 | −9.95 |
Profile lake water | August 2014 | 40 | −9.80 | −9.00 | −11.00 |
Profile lake water | April 2015 | 21 | −7.22 | −7.15 | −7.32 |
Precipitation | June–September 2014 | 46 | −12.98 | −3.28 | −27.99 |
Snowmelt | May 2015 | 16 | −6.30 | −3.98 | −8.60 |
Meiquan River | June–August 2014 | 6 | −13.22 | −12.88 | −13.56 |
Meiquan River | November 2014/May 2015 | 7 | −13.50 | −12.81 | −13.90 |
Qingshui River | May 2017 | 6 | −11.65 | −11.48 | −11.83 |
August Profile Number | Std./‰ | April Profile Number | Std./‰ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
δ18O | δD | d-excess | δ18O | δD | d-excess | ||
L19 | 0.09 | 0.38 | 0.39 | L48 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.11 |
L20 | 0.07 | 0.43 | 0.31 | L49 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.12 |
L21 | 0.19 | 0.91 | 0.57 | L50 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.10 |
L22 | 0.21 | 1.09 | 0.67 | L54 | 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.37 |
L28 | 0.04 | 0.34 | 0.11 | L55 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.20 |
L29 | 0.03 | 0.18 | 0.15 | L56 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.06 |
L30 | 0.04 | 0.41 | 0.14 | Ave. | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.11 |
L31 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.28 | ||||
Ave. | 0.07 | 0.31 | 0.20 |
Year | Method-δ18O | Method-δD | Method-Mean |
---|---|---|---|
2014/8 | 0.478 | 0.549 | 0.5135 |
2015/4 | 0.117 | 0.118 | 0.1175 |
Variables/Parameters | August 2014 | April 2015 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
δ18O/‰ | δD/‰ | δ18O/‰ | δD/‰ | |
Air temperature (T) | 17.8 °C | 14.3 °C | ||
Relative humidity (h) | 81% | 52% | ||
Equilibrium liquid-vapor isotope fractionation(α*)/‰ | 1.01 | 1.09 | 1.01 | 1.09 |
Equilibrium separation term (ε*)/‰ | 9.99 | 87.66 | 9.94 | 87.06 |
Kinetic separation term (εK)/‰ | 2.70 | 2.38 | 6.82 | 6.00 |
Isotopic compositions of precipitation (εP)/‰ | ‒12.98 | ‒97.03 | ‒7.52 | ‒55.73 |
Isotopic compositions of atmospheric moisture (εA)/‰ | ‒23.10 | ‒193.20 | ‒17.54 | ‒147.64 |
Isotopic compositions of lake water (εL)/‰ | ‒9.70 | ‒82.20 | ‒7.06 | ‒66.60 |
Isotopic compositions of evaporation vapor (εE)/‰ | ‒19.58 | ‒119.31 | ‒75.04 | ‒452.46 |
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Shi, X.; Pu, T.; He, Y.; Qi, C.; Zhang, G.; Xia, D. Variability of Stable Isotope in Lake Water and Its Hydrological Processes Identification in Mt. Yulong Region. Water 2017, 9, 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090711
Shi X, Pu T, He Y, Qi C, Zhang G, Xia D. Variability of Stable Isotope in Lake Water and Its Hydrological Processes Identification in Mt. Yulong Region. Water. 2017; 9(9):711. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090711
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Xiaoyi, Tao Pu, Yuanqing He, Cuishan Qi, Guotao Zhang, and Dunsheng Xia. 2017. "Variability of Stable Isotope in Lake Water and Its Hydrological Processes Identification in Mt. Yulong Region" Water 9, no. 9: 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090711