Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Determination of Combustion and Thermal Properties of ABS and PVC
2.2. FDS Numrical Anaysiss
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- The smoke behavior in the microgravity environment was distinctly different from that in the gravity field environment, as the buoyancy was gone. In the gravity field environment, the circulation flow inside the module did not significantly affect the smoke detection time. Conversely, it delayed the detection because the IMV flow, which is relatively strong at the bottom, served as a barrier.
- By contrast, in the microgravity environment, the ventilation flow played a crucial role in detecting smoke signals. In particular, the IMV flow, which is stronger than the clockwise ventilation flow, was a crucial factor in shortening the overall smoke detection time.
- In the case of a fire that occurred in the gravity field environment, the flow by buoyancy that was generated along with the development of flames had a dominant impact on the movement of smoke particles. Furthermore, buoyancy appeared more prominently as the gravity increased. Consequently, the design needs to consider selecting the smoke detector position and internal flow based on the gravity condition.
- In the case of PVC with a lower smoke generation rate than ABS, the smoke detection performance has significantly deteriorated. In the manned exploration module, there is a possibility of significant casualties because the smoke detector of the OPM (3.28%/m) currently set on the ISS cannot detect smoke. Thus, the OPM of the smoke detector should be set appropriately depending on the combustible.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ABS | PVC | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soot Yield, | CO Yield, | Effective Heat of Combustion, (MJ/kg) | Soot Yield, | CO Yield, | Effective Heat of Combustion, (MJ/kg) | |
Average | 0.156 | 0.076 | 79.47 | 0.105 | 0.037 | 77.31 |
Ventilation Type (Location) | Quantity | Boundary Condition | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Flow Rate (m3/s) | Velocity Vector (m/s) (x, y, z) | ||
Starboard Supply Air Diffuser (Left upper side on x–z plane) | 3 | Inlet | 0.024 | (±0.358, +0.620, −0.261) |
Port Supply Air Diffuser (Right upper side on x–z plane) | 3 | Inlet | 0.024 | (±0.130, −0.226, −0.716) |
Starboard Return Register (Left lower side on x–z plane) | 3 | Outlet | 0.024 | (0.0, +0.194, −0.194) |
Port Return register (Right lower side on x–z plane) | 3 | Outlet | 0.024 | (0.0, −0.194, −0.194) |
Aft and Fwd IMV diffuser (Both side ends below hatch) | 2 | Inlet | 0.057 | (±3.25, 0.0, 0.0) |
Aft and Fwd IMV Register (Both side ends below hatch) | 2 | Outlet | 0.057 | Pressure Outlet |
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Hong, T.-K.; Park, S.-H. Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity. Fire 2021, 4, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040085
Hong T-K, Park S-H. Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity. Fire. 2021; 4(4):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040085
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong, Ter-Ki, and Seul-Hyun Park. 2021. "Numerical Analysis of Smoke Behavior and Detection of Solid Combustible Fire Developed in Manned Exploration Module Based on Exploration Gravity" Fire 4, no. 4: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040085