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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications
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Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi and Their Metabolites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 8385

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato

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Guest Editor
Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
Interests: biofilm in dental prosthesis; dental prosthesis sanitizers; maxillofacial prosthesis; acrylic resin; silicone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
Interests: oral health maintenance; conventional and implant-retained dental prostheses; clinical dentistry with local and systemic implications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Helena Freitas Oliveira Paranhos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dental Materials and Prostheses, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil.
Interests: biofilm in dental prosthesis; dental prosthesis sanitizers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The adhesion and organization of bacteria and fungi in the form of biofilms can occur on any natural or synthetic surface, and its development in the oral cavity is very common, such as in mucosa, dental tissue, or on the surface of dentures. Both in denture wearers and in immunocompromised patients, Candida spp. biofilm infection, and especially C. albicans, can trigger local diseases such as oral candiasis and denture-related stomatitis. Although these are rarely life threatening, they can affect the quality of life, management of medical problems, nutrition, and social interaction of the elderly. However, according to the literature, although Candida albicans is a common microorganism of the oral cavity microflora of humans, in the absence of adequate treatment, it can become an opportunistic pathogen and, in association with non-albicans species, it can promote the aggravation of systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, pulmonary inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. So, original research (laboratory, experimental, clinical studies), review articles, case series and opinion papers that associate Candida spp. infections with oral and systemic diseases and treatment forms are necessary. Will be considered for review, specific areas of interest as:

  • Relation between antifungal drugs, resistance mechanisms and oral infecctions
  • Relation between antifungal drugs, resistance mechanisms and systemic infecctions
  • Local and systemic factors influencing Candida infection
  • Novel models to treating of infections by Candida spp. in hospitalized patients, older patients and immunocompromised patients
  • Proposals based on educational models aimed at the public and/or healthcare workers as prevention method of the Candida infections
  • Impact of the Candida infections on quality of life

Prof. Dr. Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
Dr. Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro
Prof. Dr. Helena Freitas Oliveira Paranhos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1001 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Hygiene Protocol on Denture-Related Stomatitis Remission, Local Inflammatory Factors, and Hemodynamic Responses by Arterial Pressure
by Adriana Barbosa Ribeiro, Aline Barbosa Ribeiro, Camila Borba de Araújo, Caroline Vieira Fortes, Lorena Mosconi Clemente, Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos, Evandro Watanabe, Helio Cesar Salgado and Cláudia Helena Silva-Lovato
Antibiotics 2022, 11(10), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11101320 - 28 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is frequent oral inflammation in complete denture wearers. This study evaluated the effect of a hygiene protocol on DRS remission, local inflammatory factors, and hemodynamic responses. Thirty-three individuals were enrolled in the study. The outcomes were measured before and after [...] Read more.
Denture-related stomatitis (DRS) is frequent oral inflammation in complete denture wearers. This study evaluated the effect of a hygiene protocol on DRS remission, local inflammatory factors, and hemodynamic responses. Thirty-three individuals were enrolled in the study. The outcomes were measured before and after 10 days of a hygiene protocol treatment consisting of brushing the palate with a soft brush and water and denture brushing with a denture-specific brush and mild soap, as well as immersion of the denture for 20 min in a 0.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. Data were analyzed by paired Wilcoxon for biofilm removal and CFU count of microorganisms. The paired T test was used to assess salivary MUC 1, cytokines, and arterial pressure (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in the DRS degree (p < 0.001), biofilm (p < 0.001), microbial load of Candida spp. (p < 0.001), Gram-negative (p < 0.004), Staphylococcus spp. (p < 0.001), and S. mutans (p < 0.001) of the denture, and S. mutans (p < 0.001) of the palate after use of the protocol. The salivary flow (p = 0.2) and pH (p = 0.97) did not change; there was an increase of MUC 1 (p = 0.049) and a decrease in IL-6 (p = 0.038), IL-2 (p = 0.04), IL-10 (p = 0.041), and IFNγ (p = 0.04). There was also a decrease in systolic (p = 0.012) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.02). The current hygiene protocol reduced the inflammation degree of DRS and promoted an improvement of local inflammatory factors and a reduction in the systolic arterial pressure of the patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications)
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22 pages, 3054 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial, Antivirulence, and Antiparasitic Potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. Extracts and Their Isolated Compound Capsaicin
by Ralciane de Paula Menezes, Meliza Arantes de Souza Bessa, Camila de Paula Siqueira, Samuel Cota Teixeira, Eloisa Amália Vieira Ferro, Mário Machado Martins, Luis Carlos Scalon Cunha and Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
Antibiotics 2022, 11(9), 1154; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091154 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2650
Abstract
Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections increase morbimortality rates and hospital costs. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the crude extract from the seeds and peel of the pepper Capsicum chinense Jacq. and of the isolated compound capsaicin and [...] Read more.
Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections increase morbimortality rates and hospital costs. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and antiparasitic activities of the crude extract from the seeds and peel of the pepper Capsicum chinense Jacq. and of the isolated compound capsaicin and to evaluate their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, eradicate biofilm, and reduce hemolysin production by Candida species. The crude ethanolic and hexane extracts were obtained by maceration at room temperature, and their chemical compositions were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS). The antimicrobial activity of the samples was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Inhibition of biofilm formation and biofilm eradication by the samples were evaluated based on biomass and cell viability. Reduction of Candida spp. hemolytic activity by the samples was determined on sheep blood agar plates. The antiparasitic action of the samples was evaluated by determining their ability to inhibit Toxoplasma gondii intracellular proliferation. LC–MS-ESI analyses helped to identify organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, and fatty acids in the ethanolic extracts, as well as capsaicinoids and fatty acids in the hexane extracts. Antifungal action was more evident against C. glabrata and C. tropicalis. The samples inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated the biofilm formed by C. tropicalis more effectively. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of the samples significantly reduced the C. glabrata and C. tropicalis hemolytic activity. The samples only altered host cell viability when tested at higher concentrations; however, at non-toxic concentrations, they reduced T. gondii growth. In association with gold standard drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis, capsaicin improved their antiparasitic activity. These results are unprecedented and encouraging, indicating the Capsicum chinense Jacq. peel and seed extracts and capsaicin display antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications)
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13 pages, 692 KiB  
Article
Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida albicans Isolated from Tongue and Subgingival Biofilm of Periodontitis Patients
by Milena Radunovic, Milena Barac, Jovana Kuzmanovic Pficer, Dusan Pavlica, Aleksandar Jovanovic, Ana Pucar and Sanja Petrovic
Antibiotics 2022, 11(6), 802; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060802 - 14 Jun 2022
Viewed by 2003
Abstract
The subgingival biofilm, as the most complex microbial community, has been proven to be reservoir of Candida spp. The main concept of this study was to investigate if there is a difference between the sensitivity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated [...] Read more.
The subgingival biofilm, as the most complex microbial community, has been proven to be reservoir of Candida spp. The main concept of this study was to investigate if there is a difference between the sensitivity of Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolated from tongue and subgingival areas of periodontitis patients to antifungal agents. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) the distribution of different Candida species in the tongue and subgingival samples of periodontitis patients; (2) the susceptibility of Candida albicans strains from tongue and subgingival biofilm to the effects of commonly used antifungal agents: fluconazole, amphotericin B and itraconazole; (3) the correlation between the susceptibility of Candida albicans and clinical periodontal parameters. Tongue and subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis subjects (N = 163) were examined. Susceptibility was tested when the same Candida species was isolated from both sites (17 subjects). Candida spp. were isolated in 23.3% of tongue and 21.5% of the subgingival samples. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, while 64.71% of tongue and 52.94% of subgingival isolates were susceptible to fluconazole. A low frequency of itraconazole susceptibility was observed for tongue (17.64%) and subgingival isolates (11.76%). The correlations between full-mouth plaque score and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for tongue isolates were strongly positive for all antimycotics. Positive correlation was also observed between moderate periodontal destruction and MICs for tongue and subgingival isolates. The susceptibility of C. albicans to antifungals correlate with oral hygiene and moderate periodontal destruction. There is no difference in antifungal susceptibility between tongue and subgingival isolates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications)
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7 pages, 2214 KiB  
Article
Candida Carriers among Individuals with Tongue Piercing—A Real-Time PCR Study
by Georgi Tomov, Nikola Stamenov, Deyan Neychev and Kiril Atliev
Antibiotics 2022, 11(6), 742; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060742 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
Among the local factors for oral candidiasis, the piercing of the tongue is recognized by some authors as a risk factor for the colonization of Candida albicans. There are few case reports in which Candida spp. colonization and infection are associated with [...] Read more.
Among the local factors for oral candidiasis, the piercing of the tongue is recognized by some authors as a risk factor for the colonization of Candida albicans. There are few case reports in which Candida spp. colonization and infection are associated with tongue piercing but only one microbiological study supports this hypothesis in general. The aim of this study was to examine this possible association between the presence of both tongue piercing and Candida spp. in healthy individuals. Positive results for tongue colonization with Candida spp. were found in four (12.9%) of the tongue-pierced subjects and in three (9.67%) subjects of the control group (p = 0.550). All samples were identified as Candida albicans. The univariate and logistic regression analyses of possible risk factors for tongue colonization revealed that gender (p = 0.024), smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day (p = 0.021), and improper hygiene (p = 0.028) were statistically significant influencing factors in the multivariate analysis. The results suggest that the piercing of the tongue is not a risk factor for colonization of Candida spp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Candida spp. Biofilm: Oral and Systemic Implications)
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