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Antibiotics
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Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical...
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Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 1921

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Aleksandra Barac

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: infectious diseases; antibiotic resistance; antibacterial stewardship
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the realm of healthcare, the role of antibiotics in combating infectious diseases has been transformative. However, we are becoming increasingly aware that the emergence and development of antibiotic resistance threatens the very foundation of our medical practices. The relationship between antibiotic use and the development of resistance is a critical issue, demanding our immediate attention.

We publish the Special Issue "Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings" as a platform to discuss this pressing concern. Our goal is to assemble a collection of research and insights that delve into the multifaceted relationship between antibiotic usage and the ever-evolving landscape of resistance.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: the rational use of antibiotics in clinical infections, the impact of antibiotic consumption on resistance patterns, and the mechanisms underlying the development of resistance.

Dr. Aleksandra Barac
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotic use
  • antibiotic resistance
  • clinical settings
  • clinical infections
  • mechanisms underlying the development of resistance

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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19 pages, 738 KiB  
Review
The Ongoing Debate on the Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Acute Pancreatitis—Is There a Conclusion? A Comprehensive Narrative Review
by Kai Siang Chan and Vishal G. Shelat
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050411 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common but often self-limiting disease in the majority of patients. However, in the minority, who may progress to moderately severe or severe AP, high mortality risk has been reported. Infected pancreatitis necrosis (IPN) in necrotising pancreatitis has been [...] Read more.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common but often self-limiting disease in the majority of patients. However, in the minority, who may progress to moderately severe or severe AP, high mortality risk has been reported. Infected pancreatitis necrosis (IPN) in necrotising pancreatitis has been shown to result in more than twice the mortality rate compared with in sterile pancreatic necrosis. This raises the question on whether prophylactic antibiotics (PABs) should be given in subgroups of AP to prevent superimposed infection to improve survival outcomes. Despite numerous randomised controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and guidelines on the management of AP, there is a lack of strong evidence to suggest the use of PABs in AP. Additionally, use of PABs is associated with antimicrobial resistance. Considerable heterogeneity exists and limits the interpretation of results—subgroup of AP benefitting from PAB use, choice/class of PAB, and timing of administration from symptom onset and duration of PAB use. Only a minority of existing meta-analyses suggest mortality benefits and reduction in IPN. The majority of existing guidelines do not recommend the use of PABs in AP. More research is required to make more definitive conclusions. Currently, PAB should only be administered after multidisciplinary discussions led by pancreatology experts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings)
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9 pages, 2765 KiB  
Case Report
A Difficult Case of Ventriculitis in a 40-Year-Old Woman with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
by Raffaella Rubino, Marcello Trizzino, Luca Pipitò, Giuseppe Sucato, Marco Santoro, Rosario Maugeri, Domenico Gerardo Iacopino, Giovanni Maurizio Giammanco, Sergio Siragusa and Antonio Cascio
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050432 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 963
Abstract
Ventriculitis and nosocomial meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria represent a growing treatment challenge. A case of ventriculitis and bacteremia caused by carbapenem-resistant, KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a young woman with acute leukemia who was successfully [...] Read more.
Ventriculitis and nosocomial meningitis caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria represent a growing treatment challenge. A case of ventriculitis and bacteremia caused by carbapenem-resistant, KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a young woman with acute leukemia who was successfully treated with meropenem/vaborbactam (MVB), rifampicin, and linezolid is described in this paper. This case report emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary strategy, including infectious focus control, for the treatment of device-associated central nervous system (CNS) infections from multidrug-resistant bacteria. Considering the novel resistance patterns, more research on drug penetration into the central nervous system, as well as on the necessity of association therapies, is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotic Use and the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Settings)
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