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Antibiotics
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Antibacterial Topical Treatment - New Perspectives
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Antibacterial Topical Treatment - New Perspectives

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 1049

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues represent a significant group of human infections. The most common cause is infection by Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. However, infectious complications caused by Gram-negative bacteria or infections of mixed etiology are also relatively common. Given the continuing growth of antibiotic resistance in these pathogens, current research is focused on finding new agents effective in the treatment of infections that have failed using conventional antimicrobial therapies. Promising in this sense is treatment based on the antibacterial effect of enzymatic preparations (so-called enzybiotics), which degrade the bacterial cell wall. In addition to enzymes and peptides, researchers are also focusing on phage therapy, extracts of extracellular enzymes from various microorganisms, or skin probiotics. These substances act specifically on the pathogen, but not on the skin microbiome, which has a positive effect on the healing process. The development and testing of such therapeutic agents requires a careful assessment of antimicrobial efficacy. Standardization for susceptibility testing of enzymes, peptides, or phages has yet to be developed. Current protocols differ in basic methodology and do not sufficiently reflect the nature of the causative agents and sites of infection. In addition to the development of standardization for testing the sensitivity of new substances for the needs of topical skin treatment, it is also necessary to standardize the animal skin model. This Special Issue will focus on information that may lead to more relevant and comparable results in preclinical development in the testing of antimicrobials for skin and soft tissue infections. Ultimately, the articles published in this Special Issue should contribute to the successful topical treatment of resistant bacterial infections.

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial therapy
  • emerging pathogens
  • bioactive compounds
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • skin model
  • local treatment
  • skin microbiome

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 2873 KiB  
Review
Adapting Clofazimine for Treatment of Cutaneous Tuberculosis by Using Self-Double-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
by Daniélle van Staden, Richard K. Haynes and Joe M. Viljoen
Antibiotics 2022, 11(6), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060806 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3990
Abstract
Although chemotherapeutic treatment regimens are currently available, and considerable effort has been lavished on the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains deeply intractable and widespread. This is due not only to the nature of the life [...] Read more.
Although chemotherapeutic treatment regimens are currently available, and considerable effort has been lavished on the development of new drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the disease remains deeply intractable and widespread. This is due not only to the nature of the life cycle and extraordinarily disseminated habitat of the causative pathogen, principally Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), in humans and the multi-drug resistance of Mtb to current drugs, but especially also to the difficulty of enabling universal treatment of individuals, immunocompromised or otherwise, in widely differing socio-economic environments. For the purpose of globally eliminating TB by 2035, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the “End-TB” initiative by employing interventions focusing on high impact, integrated and patient-centered approaches, such as individualized therapy. However, the extraordinary shortfall in stipulated aims, for example in actual treatment and in TB preventative treatments during the period 2018–2022, latterly and greatly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, means that even greater pressure is now placed on enhancing our scientific understanding of the disease, repurposing or repositioning old drugs and developing new drugs as well as evolving innovative treatment methods. In the specific context of multidrug resistant Mtb, it is furthermore noted that the incidence of extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) has significantly increased. This review focusses on the potential of utilizing self-double-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SDEDDSs) as topical drug delivery systems for the dermal route of administration to aid in treatment of cutaneous TB (CTB) and other mycobacterial infections as a prelude to evaluating related systems for more effective treatment of CTB and other mycobacterial infections at large. As a starting point, we consider here the possibility of adapting the highly lipophilic riminophenazine clofazimine, with its potential for treatment of multi-drug resistant TB, for this purpose. Additionally, recently reported synergism achieved by adding clofazimine to first-line TB regimens signifies the need to consider clofazimine. Thus, the biological effects and pharmacology of clofazimine are reviewed. The potential of plant-based oils acting as emulsifiers, skin penetration enhancers as well as these materials behaving as anti-microbial components for transporting the incorporated drug are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial Topical Treatment - New Perspectives)
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