Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 March 2025 | Viewed by 901

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Interests: atherosclerosis; ROS; lipid signals; macrophage; single cell RNA sequencing; immunometabolism

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Interests: antioxidants; redox chemistry; probes; probe design and synthesis; free radicals; cellular bioenergetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of death worldwide. While numerous factors facilitate the onset of CVD, oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, is a major contributor. While oxygen gas is used in vascular cells to carry out their physiological functions, free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), are generated either as side products or as important regulators themselves. These chemically highly reactive molecules, if left unrestricted, have the potential to modify proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which cause oxidative stress and cell damage. Therefore, oxidants reach physiological equilibrium with various antioxidant enzymes and molecules in a healthy body. However, a major challenge for vascular cells in maintaining the redox balance is that they often face a constantly changing surrounding environment (e.g., fluctuation of nutrients, hormones, mechanical forces, invading pathogens, etc.), which requires them to adapt to it in a timely manner. Recent findings suggest that maladaptation in redox status leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, promoting CVD.

This Special Issue will focus on the mechanisms of redox regulation during CVD development and discuss potential strategies for the re-establishment of redox balance.

Dr. Yiliang Chen
Dr. Jacek Zielonka
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • mitochondria
  • metabolism
  • chronic inflammation
  • atherosclerosis
  • CVD
  • ROS

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 783 KiB  
Article
Different Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Patterns of Diseased Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery versus Internal Thoracic Artery
by Andrea Salica, Vittoria Cammisotto, Raffaele Scaffa, Giulio Folino, Ruggero De Paulis, Roberto Carnevale, Umberto Benedetto, Wael Saade, Antonino Marullo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Gianmarco Sarto, Silvia Palmerio, Valentina Valenti, Mariangela Peruzzi, Fabio Miraldi, Francesco Giosuè Irace and Giacomo Frati
Antioxidants 2024, 13(10), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13101180 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 519
Abstract
Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are typically implied in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression, especially in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to investigate the oxidative stress and inflammation burden directly associated with atherosclerotic plaque in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing coronary [...] Read more.
Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are typically implied in atherosclerosis pathogenesis and progression, especially in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our objective was to investigate the oxidative stress and inflammation burden directly associated with atherosclerotic plaque in patients with stable coronary disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Specifically, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were compared in blood samples obtained from the atherosclerotic left anterior descending artery (LAD) and blood samples obtained from the healthy left internal thoracic artery (LITA), used as a bypass graft, within the same patient. Methods. Twenty patients scheduled for off-pump CABG were enrolled. Blood samples were collected from the LITA below anastomosis and the LAD below the stenosis. Samples were analysed for oxidative stress (sNOXdp, H2O2, NO) and inflammation markers (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10). Results. The analysis showed a significant increase in oxidative stress burden in the LAD as compared to LITA, as indicated by higher sNOX2-dp and H2O2 levels and lower NO levels (p < 0.01). Also, pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the LAD as compared to the LITA, as indicated by higher TNFα and IL-6 amounts (p < 0.01). On the other hand, no significant differences could be seen regarding IL-1β and IL-10 levels between the two groups. Conclusions. The oxidative stress and inflammatory burden are specifically enhanced in the LAD artery of stable coronary patients compared to systemic blood from the LITA of stable coronary patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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