Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Fine-Tuning of Their Production, Scavenging and Signaling Functions under Environmental Stress

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 10933

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
Interests: ascorbate; glutathione; antioxidant system; redox regulation; reactive oxygen species; oxidative signaling; photosynthesis; photorespiration; cell death

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Environment Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
Interests: oxygen; O2; reactive oxygen species (ROS); the water–water cycle; photosystem I; P700; P700 oxidation; Mehler reaction; superoxide; hydrogen peroxide; singlet oxygen; reduction-induced suppression of electron flow (RISE)
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As sessile organisms, plants are continuously exposed to environmental stresses such as high light, drought, and extreme temperatures. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced by these environmental stimuli through the perturbation or activation of the primary metabolisms, such as photosynthesis, photorespiration, and respiration. Although ROS are reactive forms of molecular oxygen and potentially toxic to plant cells, they have another role as signaling molecules that modulate a wide range of biological processes, including defense systems, programmed cell death, and growth and development. To support these signaling roles, plants have several oxidases that catalyze the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, such as NADPH oxidases, as alternative intra- and extracellular sources of ROS. The balance of ROS actions as cytotoxic and signaling molecules is therefore critical for the plant stress acclimation process. This balance is fine-tuned through highly sophisticated mechanisms that control the production and scavenging of ROS under environmental stress.

In this Special Issue, we invite high-quality original papers and reviews that describe recent advances in the plant ROS field. Potential topics will include (but are not limited to) the following: (1) regulation of ROS production, (2) ROS scavenging/antioxidant systems, and (3) ROS sensing and signaling in plants. We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Takanori Maruta
Prof. Dr. Chikahiro Miyake
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species
  • antioxidant system
  • photosynthesis
  • the water-water cycle
  • P700 oxidation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2723 KiB  
Article
Distribution and Functions of Monodehydroascorbate Reductases in Plants: Comprehensive Reverse Genetic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Enzymes
by Mio Tanaka, Ryuki Takahashi, Akane Hamada, Yusuke Terai, Takahisa Ogawa, Yoshihiro Sawa, Takahiro Ishikawa and Takanori Maruta
Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111726 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2991
Abstract
Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzyme involved in ascorbate recycling. Arabidopsis thaliana has five MDAR genes that encode two cytosolic, one cytosolic/peroxisomal, one peroxisomal membrane-attached, and one chloroplastic/mitochondrial isoform. In contrast, tomato plants possess only three enzymes, lacking the cytosol-specific enzymes. Thus, the [...] Read more.
Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) is an enzyme involved in ascorbate recycling. Arabidopsis thaliana has five MDAR genes that encode two cytosolic, one cytosolic/peroxisomal, one peroxisomal membrane-attached, and one chloroplastic/mitochondrial isoform. In contrast, tomato plants possess only three enzymes, lacking the cytosol-specific enzymes. Thus, the number and distribution of MDAR isoforms differ according to plant species. Moreover, the physiological significance of MDARs remains poorly understood. In this study, we classify plant MDARs into three classes: class I, chloroplastic/mitochondrial enzymes; class II, peroxisomal membrane-attached enzymes; and class III, cytosolic/peroxisomal enzymes. The cytosol-specific isoforms form a subclass of class III and are conserved only in Brassicaceae plants. With some exceptions, all land plants and a charophyte algae, Klebsormidium flaccidum, contain all three classes. Using reverse genetic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking one or more isoforms, we provide new insight into the roles of MDARs; for example, (1) the lack of two isoforms in a specific combination results in lethality, and (2) the role of MDARs in ascorbate redox regulation in leaves can be largely compensated by other systems. Based on these findings, we discuss the distribution and function of MDAR isoforms in land plants and their cooperation with other recycling systems. Full article
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21 pages, 5133 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Drought and Salinity Effect on the Redox Components of Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik
by Silvia De Rossi, Gabriele Di Marco, Laura Bruno, Angelo Gismondi and Antonella Canini
Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 1048; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071048 - 29 Jun 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2673
Abstract
For the Mediterranean region, climate models predict an acceleration of desertification processes, thus threatening agriculture. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of drought and salinity on Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik., a Mediterranean forage legume, for understanding plant defence systems activated by [...] Read more.
For the Mediterranean region, climate models predict an acceleration of desertification processes, thus threatening agriculture. The present work aimed to investigate the effect of drought and salinity on Sulla coronaria (L.) Medik., a Mediterranean forage legume, for understanding plant defence systems activated by these stressors. In detail, we focused our attention on the variations on the plant redox status. Plants were subjected to suboptimal watering and irrigation with sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The same salt treatment was applied for in vitro tests on seedlings. Water content did not change after treatments. Salt negatively influenced seed germination and seedling development, but it did not affect photosynthesis parameters, contrary to what was observed in adult plants. Proline concentration increased in all samples, while abscisic acid level increased exclusively in seedlings. NaCl caused accumulation of superoxide anion in plants and seedlings and hydrogen peroxide only in seedlings; nevertheless, lipid peroxidation was not detected. Total phenolics, glutathione, expression level, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were assayed, revealing a complex antiradical molecular response, depending on the type of stress and development stage. Our results confirm Sulla as a drought- and salt-tolerant species and highlight its ability to counteract oxidative stress. This evidence suggests a key role for the redox components, as signal transduction messengers, in Sulla acclimation to desertification. Finally, plants and seedlings showed different acclimation capacity to salinity, revealing a greater genomic plasticity for seedlings. Full article
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24 pages, 5006 KiB  
Article
Photosynthetic Parameters Show Specific Responses to Essential Mineral Deficiencies
by Miho Ohnishi, Riu Furutani, Takayuki Sohtome, Takeshi Suzuki, Shinya Wada, Soma Tanaka, Kentaro Ifuku, Daisei Ueno and Chikahiro Miyake
Antioxidants 2021, 10(7), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10070996 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4008
Abstract
In response to decreases in the assimilation efficiency of CO2, plants oxidize the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) of photosystem I (PSI) to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In hydro-cultured sunflower leaves experiencing essential mineral deficiencies, we analyzed the following parameters [...] Read more.
In response to decreases in the assimilation efficiency of CO2, plants oxidize the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) of photosystem I (PSI) to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In hydro-cultured sunflower leaves experiencing essential mineral deficiencies, we analyzed the following parameters that characterize PSI and PSII: (1) the reduction-oxidation states of P700 [Y(I), Y(NA), and Y(ND)]; (2) the relative electron flux in PSII [Y(II)]; (3) the reduction state of the primary electron acceptor in PSII, QA (1 − qL); and (4) the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). Deficiency treatments for the minerals N, P, Mn, Mg, S, and Zn decreased Y(II) with an increase in the oxidized P700 [Y(ND)], while deficiencies for the minerals K, Fe, Ca, B, and Mo decreased Y(II) without an increase in Y(ND). During the induction of photosynthesis, the above parameters showed specific responses to each mineral. That is, we could diagnose the mineral deficiency and identify which mineral affected the photosynthesis parameters. Full article
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