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Applied Sciences
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Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems
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Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2024 | Viewed by 4491

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Tao Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: train dynamics; vehicle structure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Traffic-generated noise and vibration mainly appear during the operation of motor vehicles, urban rail transit vehicles, ships, and aircrafts. With people’s increasingly high requirement of living environment, determining how to solve this kind of problem from the source has gradually become a topic of great significance.

In this Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems”, we will explore research and discussions on the latest technologies around the topic. If you are also interested in this topic, you are invited to submit your manuscripts.

Dr. Tao Zhu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • traffic noise
  • traffic vibration

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 577 KiB  
Article
Impact of Ship Noise on Seafarers’ Sleep Disturbances and Daily Activities: An Analysis of Fatigue Increase and Maritime Accident Risk through a Survey
by Seok-Jin Kim, Tae-Youl Jeon and Young-Chan Lee
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3757; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093757 (registering DOI) - 28 Apr 2024
Abstract
This study delves into the impact of ship noise on seafarer well-being, emphasizing fatigue—a significant contributor to maritime accidents due to human error. The investigation, centered around the hypothesis that IMO ship construction standards may not adequately minimize noise levels in seafarer cabins, [...] Read more.
This study delves into the impact of ship noise on seafarer well-being, emphasizing fatigue—a significant contributor to maritime accidents due to human error. The investigation, centered around the hypothesis that IMO ship construction standards may not adequately minimize noise levels in seafarer cabins, seeks to establish whether these levels are sufficient to ensure seafarer security and prevent sleep disturbances. According to current IMO regulations, noise levels are set at 55 dB for vessels under 10,000 gross tonnage and 60 dB for those over 10,000, yet WHO guidelines recommend a maximum of 40 dB in bedrooms to avoid sleep disruption. A comprehensive survey involving 221 cadets demonstrates that 79.6% of participants experience sleep disturbances, work disruptions, and stress due to noise, indicating that the present noise standards are insufficient. This paper argues that reducing noise levels in individual cabins to below 40 dB is critical for enhancing seafarer health and safety and could significantly reduce human error-related maritime accidents. The findings advocate for more stringent noise control measures and regulatory reforms to bridge the knowledge gaps and improve labor protection in the maritime industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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18 pages, 23565 KiB  
Article
Bridge-Borne Noise Induced by High-Speed Freight Electric Multiple Units: Characteristics, Mechanisms and Control Measures
by Miao Du, Kaiyun Wang, Xin Ge and Xiaoan Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 2801; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14072801 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 345
Abstract
The high-speed freight electric multiple unit (EMU) is one of the important development directions for railway freight transportation. To investigate the bridge radiation noise induced by the freight EMU, a noise prediction model consisting of the containers–vehicle–track–bridge dynamic model, finite element model, and [...] Read more.
The high-speed freight electric multiple unit (EMU) is one of the important development directions for railway freight transportation. To investigate the bridge radiation noise induced by the freight EMU, a noise prediction model consisting of the containers–vehicle–track–bridge dynamic model, finite element model, and boundary element model are established and validated. Through simulation, the bridge radiation noise under different train loading conditions is compared, and the noise radiation mechanism is revealed. Moreover, the noise reduction effect of the noise wall is studied, and the influences of noise wall heights and sound absorption materials are investigated. Results indicate that the bridge sound power and the sound pressure levels (SPLs) of near-field points increase slightly with train loads in the frequency range below 20 Hz and above 125 Hz, with a maximum increase of about 6.8 dB. The structure resonance, intense local vibration, and high acoustic radiation efficiency cause strong bridge radiation noise. The noise wall can realize a good overall noise reduction effect in the sound shadow zone; nevertheless, SPLs increased in areas between the bridge and the noise wall. The ground reflection affects the superposition of transmitted, reflected, and diffracted sound waves, which causes nonlinear relationships of noise reduction effects with the noise wall height. From the perspective of human hearing sensitivity, the loudness levels of typical field points increase with the frequency in the range of 20~80 Hz, and SPLs below 25 Hz are less than the threshold of hearing. Setting the noise wall can effectively reduce the loudness levels, and the reduction effect increases with the noise wall height. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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15 pages, 40452 KiB  
Article
Experimental Light Rail Traffic Noise Assessment in a Metropolitan Area
by João Lázaro, Pedro Alves Costa and Luís Godinho
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 969; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14030969 - 23 Jan 2024
Viewed by 675
Abstract
The growth in the utilization and development of rail transport within urban networks is crucial for transitioning towards a more sustainable form of mobility. However, challenges related to discomfort and noise pollution arising from rail traffic must be addressed and mitigated to foster [...] Read more.
The growth in the utilization and development of rail transport within urban networks is crucial for transitioning towards a more sustainable form of mobility. However, challenges related to discomfort and noise pollution arising from rail traffic must be addressed and mitigated to foster a harmonious coexistence between residents and trains. This study focuses on analyzing an experimental campaign conducted on the surface metropolitan network of Porto to study and identify the frequency content and pressure levels associated with light rail traffic. The presented experimental campaign holds significant relevance as it comprises various and distinct circulation conditions within the railway network, enabling a comprehensive characterization of railway noise. The collected data indicates a noticeable increase in sound pressure levels as the speed of circulation rises, particularly emphasizing the 1/3 octave band centered around 1000 Hz. The choice of tracks with components having a limited capacity for absorbing acoustic energy leads to a significant rise in noise levels compared to track solutions with elements exhibiting excellent acoustic energy absorption. Furthermore, the study highlights a substantial increase in noise levels (10 dBA) associated with small radius curves, even at low speeds. These findings underscore the importance of considering the track characteristics and geometric features in noise assessment within rail networks. Therefore, the insights gained from this experimental campaign contribute significantly to the understanding and comprehensive characterization of railway noise under diverse circulation conditions within the railway network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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15 pages, 5652 KiB  
Article
Research on the Arrangement of Additional Source for Large Space Protection of an Active Noise Barrier
by Yanpeng Wang, Zhibo Chang, Guoqiang Chen and Jiahao Liu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 885; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020885 - 19 Jan 2024
Viewed by 608
Abstract
When active noise control technology is applied to traffic noise control, additional sources are often added to the facade of the barrier, and error sensors are placed in the protected area. The noise reduction effect in the area without error sensors is often [...] Read more.
When active noise control technology is applied to traffic noise control, additional sources are often added to the facade of the barrier, and error sensors are placed in the protected area. The noise reduction effect in the area without error sensors is often ignored. In this paper, the effect of the additional source configuration on the sound field in the space without error sensors is researched. By analyzing the directivity and distribution of the sound field at the top of the barrier under various conditions, it is believed that the optimal location of the additional source is related to the height of the primary source and the barrier. An approximate model is established to evaluate the optimal location of the additional source for achieving a good noise reduction effect in a large space. Experiments are also carried out to verify the model. The conclusions are beneficial for improving the noise reduction effect in the area higher than the barrier and without error microphones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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18 pages, 9095 KiB  
Article
Alleviation Effects of Hoods at the Entrances and Exits of High-Speed Railway Tunnels on the Micro-Pressure Wave
by Weibin Ma, Yufei Fang, Tao Li and Mingyu Shao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 692; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020692 - 13 Jan 2024
Viewed by 616
Abstract
The MPW that emits from a tunnel’s exit when a high-speed train passes through is a serious environmental problem which increases rapidly with the speed of the train. To alleviate the MPW problem at 400 km/h, the aerodynamic effects caused by the hood [...] Read more.
The MPW that emits from a tunnel’s exit when a high-speed train passes through is a serious environmental problem which increases rapidly with the speed of the train. To alleviate the MPW problem at 400 km/h, the aerodynamic effects caused by the hood located at the entrance or exit of a tunnel are studied by numerical method, and the influences of hood geometry, such as an enlarged cross-section, oblique entrance, and opening holes on the MPW, are also investigated. The research indicates that the enlarged cross-section of the hood at the entrance and exit of the tunnel has opposite effects on the MPW, and the oblique section can alleviate the MPW by extending the rising time of the compression wave and increasing the spatial angle at the hood exit. The pressure gradient can be mitigated through delaying the rising of the compression wave by opening holes on the side wall of the hood, and the relief effects of the holes can reduce the MPW further. The MPW problem when a train passes through a tunnel at 400 km/h can be effectively alleviated by an optimized oblique enlarged hood with opening holes, even up to train speeds of 500 km/h. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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18 pages, 3301 KiB  
Article
Development and Testing of an Active Noise Control System for Urban Road Traffic Noise
by Biyu Yang, Jiacun Yin, Zhoujing Ye, Songli Yang and Linbing Wang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010175 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 998
Abstract
As urbanization accelerates, the increasing number of vehicles and travel demands contribute to escalating road traffic noise pollution. Although passive noise control techniques such as noise barriers and green belts effectively mitigate noise, they occupy urban space, exacerbating the scarcity and high cost [...] Read more.
As urbanization accelerates, the increasing number of vehicles and travel demands contribute to escalating road traffic noise pollution. Although passive noise control techniques such as noise barriers and green belts effectively mitigate noise, they occupy urban space, exacerbating the scarcity and high cost of already congested city areas. Emerging as a novel noise reduction strategy, active noise control (ANC) eliminates the need for physical isolation structures and addresses the noise within specific frequency ranges more effectively. This paper investigates the characteristics of urban road traffic noise and develops an ANC prototype. Utilizing the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm, we conduct active noise control tests for various types of single- and dual-frequency noise within the prototype’s universal platform to validate its actual noise reduction capabilities. The study demonstrates that urban road traffic noise is mostly in the mid- to low-frequency range (below 2000 Hz). The developed ANC prototype significantly reduces single- or dual-frequency noise within this range, achieving a maximum noise reduction of nearly 30 dB(A). Future research should expand noise reduction tests across more frequency bands and assess the noise reduction effectiveness against real road traffic noise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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17 pages, 3699 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation and In-Situ Testing of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on the Adjacent Ruins of an Ancient Cultural Sites
by Liming Zhu, Jiang Meng, Lingkun Chen and Xiaolun Hu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(24), 13347; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132413347 - 18 Dec 2023
Viewed by 625
Abstract
Background: Studying the effects of traffic vibration on adjacent structures has produced fruitful results, but there is a lack of systematic research on the protection, assessment, and ambient vibration effects on cultural relics, and the majority of the studies focus on above-ground buildings, [...] Read more.
Background: Studying the effects of traffic vibration on adjacent structures has produced fruitful results, but there is a lack of systematic research on the protection, assessment, and ambient vibration effects on cultural relics, and the majority of the studies focus on above-ground buildings, with less research conducted on underground cultural relic sites. Objective: In order to investigate the effects of road-traffic-induced vibration on nearby underground sites, the distance between them was precisely determined. Methodology/approach: The site of Chengshang Village in Jurong City, Nanjing, China, was chosen as the research object, and the vibration of the underground site caused by traffic volume was measured on-site. Based on statistical analysis of experimental data, the vibration velocity was deduced as a function of the vehicle’s speed and the vibration source’s distance. Results: The excellent frequency band for traffic load vibration is between 0 and 40 Hz, and the attenuation speed of high-frequency vibration is faster than that of low-frequency vibration; the vibration speed is positively correlated with the speed of the vehicle, and the distance from the vibration source is exponentially attenuated; and under the condition of the determined limit value of the load and the vibration speed, the safety distance increases. Conclusions: This research utilizes the collected data to describe the relationship between the vibration velocity and the distance from the vibration source. Additionally, it estimates the appropriate distance at which cultural relics should be placed from the road to ensure their safety. The study’s findings may serve as a valuable point of reference for traffic planning and the preservation of underground cultural monuments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Traffic Noise and Vibrations in Public Transportation Systems)
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