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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering
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Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Earth Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2024 | Viewed by 4090

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhibo Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: monitoring and early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters; disaster risk identification based on AI technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hongtu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
Interests: prevention of coal and rock dynamic disasters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
Interests: monitoring and prevention of dynamic disasters in underground engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dong Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: monitoring and warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the population grows rapidly and the economy develops continuously all over the world, energy consumption and the demand for space are rapidly increasing, and it has become an inevitable trend to seek deep resources and space. With the rapid development of deep underground engineering, the risk of dynamic disaster increases significantly, caused by high temperature, high stress, or high water pressure, posing a significant threat to the normal operation of deep underground engineering and the life safety of operators.

Dynamic disaster in deep underground engineering mainly involves the deformation and failure of rock materials. Considering the complexity of rock materials, it is necessary to carry out laboratory experiments on macroscopic mechanical responses and microscopic fracture characteristics to reveal dynamic disaster evolution mechanisms as well as identify precursor information, and then apply them in the field; however, up to now, the combination of laboratory experiments and field applications of dynamic disasters is poor, hindering the technological development of monitoring and preventing dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering. Consequently, this Special Issue aims to provide an opportunity for researchers around the globe to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on monitoring and preventing dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering. The discussion topics include but are not limited to, dynamic disaster mechanisms, dynamic disaster prediction, and dynamic disaster control. Original research and review articles are welcome.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Buildings.

Dr. Zhibo Zhang
Dr. Hongtu Zhang
Dr. Chao Wang
Dr. Dong Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dynamic disaster evolution mechanism
  • monitoring and early warning
  • multidimensional information fusion
  • risk identification and evaluation
  • prevention and control
  • advanced equipment development
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 7117 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Energy Release Mechanism and Crack Propagation Evolution of Sandstone under True Triaxial Loading
by Shichuan Zhang, Shilong Song and Xuexian Han
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3655; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093655 - 25 Apr 2024
Viewed by 266
Abstract
The instability of hard and brittle rock often leads to disastrous consequences in underground engineering. Under various surrounding rock pressure conditions, in situ stress induces corresponding deformation and damage to the floor post-mining. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the effects of mining [...] Read more.
The instability of hard and brittle rock often leads to disastrous consequences in underground engineering. Under various surrounding rock pressure conditions, in situ stress induces corresponding deformation and damage to the floor post-mining. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the effects of mining under different confining pressures on rock disturbance, damage characteristics, and their distribution. Consequently, triaxial loading experiments under varying intermediate principal stress conditions were conducted on red sandstone specimens, using an acoustic emission monitoring system to track energy changes during rock damage and failure. This approach aids in studying crack generation, propagation, and fracture damage evolution. The results indicate that rock deformation results in axial compression and dilatancy, aligned with the direction of minimum and intermediate principal stresses. Ductility in rock failure becomes more pronounced with increased stress, primarily manifesting as shear failure. Internal cracks in the specimen lead to stress concentration and marked plastic deformation under compression, yet do not result in macroscopic surface cracks. The fracture angle θ of specimens post-failure generally exceeds 45° and varies with stress changes; at consistent burial depths, the angle of the sandstone failure surface increases with intermediate principal stress. This paper preliminarily establishes the informational linkage between rock failure and energy release, analyzing the rock samples over time and space. This research offers insights for analyzing and mitigating sudden rock instability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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17 pages, 9631 KiB  
Article
Layout Pattern of Small Panel and Large Coal Pillar for Rockburst Prevention and Water Control under Extra-Thick Water-Bearing Key Strata
by Ning Zhang, Anye Cao, Weiwei Zhao, Qi Hao, Guowei Lv and Baixuan Wu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14052195 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 424
Abstract
There is a very thick water-bearing key strata above the coal seam in the Binchang mining area. When the mining scale is large, it easily breaks and leads to rockburst with a surge of water gushing in the panel. Adopting the layout pattern [...] Read more.
There is a very thick water-bearing key strata above the coal seam in the Binchang mining area. When the mining scale is large, it easily breaks and leads to rockburst with a surge of water gushing in the panel. Adopting the layout pattern of a small panel and a large coal pillar can improve the stability of the main key strata, but at present, the research on the layout pattern of a small panel and a large coal pillar under extra-thick water-bearing key strata is still not perfect. Therefore, taking the second and third panels of a mine in Binchang as the engineering background, the width of the coal pillar and the mining scale of the panel are optimized by means of theoretical analysis, field measurement, and numerical simulation to prevent rockburst and control water inflow. The results show: (1) through theoretical calculation, it is deduced that the critical width of instability of the isolated coal pillar in the current mining scale is 257 m, and the critical mining scale of breaking and instability of the main key strata in the third panel is 537 m; (2) considering the bearing capacity of the isolated coal pillar and the recovery rate of coal resources, the reasonable width of the isolated coal pillar is 210~270 m, and when the width is 200 m and 250 m, the reasonable mining scale of the third panel is 490~550 m and 640~700 m, respectively; (3) the field practice shows that the actual width of the coal pillar between the second and third panels is less than the reasonable width, and the stress concentration in the isolated coal pillar area is relatively high, so the roof deep hole blasting and large-diameter drilling in coal seam are adopted to relieve pressure. After taking pressure relief measures, the stress concentration in the isolated coal pillar area is effectively reduced, and the pressure relief effect is remarkable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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16 pages, 10609 KiB  
Article
Study on the Energy Evolution Law and Bursting Liability of Coal Failure with Different Joint Inclination Angles
by Shan Yin, Zhonghui Li, Dazhao Song, Hongwei Mu, Yue Niu and Xiaoran Wang
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1120; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031120 - 29 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 501
Abstract
Joints are the weak plane structures in coal. The existence of joints leads to coal failure, with different fracture modes and energy evolution laws. In this paper, the energy evolution and bursting liability index of coal failure with different joint inclination angles (JIAs) [...] Read more.
Joints are the weak plane structures in coal. The existence of joints leads to coal failure, with different fracture modes and energy evolution laws. In this paper, the energy evolution and bursting liability index of coal failure with different joint inclination angles (JIAs) are analyzed. The results show that with an increase in joint inclination angle (JIA), the total energy and elastic energy of coal first decrease and then increase and the dissipation energy decreases gradually. The existence of joints changes the bursting liability of coal. With an increase in the JIA, the uniaxial compressive strength (Rc) of coal first decreases and then increases, the dynamic failure time (DT) gradually decreases, and the impact energy velocity index (WST) and the impact energy index (KE) gradually increase. With an increase in the JIA, coal went from tensile failure to shear failure and tension shear mixed failure. After coal failure, the fractal dimension was between 1.7 and 2.4, decreasing first and then increasing; the larger the JIA and the degree of fragmentation, the more energy consumed at the moment of failure and the stronger the bursting liability of coal. The results have a guiding significance for the monitoring and prevention of rock bursts in coal mines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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20 pages, 15359 KiB  
Article
Recognition of Weak Microseismic Events Induced by Borehole Hydraulic Fracturing in Coal Seam Based on ResNet-10
by Yunpeng Zhang, Nan Li, Lihong Sun, Jincheng Qiu, Xiaokai Huang and Yan Li
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010080 - 21 Dec 2023
Viewed by 645
Abstract
Borehole hydraulic fracturing in coal mines can effectively prevent coal rock dynamic disasters. Accurately recognizing weak microseismic events is an essential prerequisite for the micro-seismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in coal seams. This study proposes a recognition method for weak microseismic waveforms based [...] Read more.
Borehole hydraulic fracturing in coal mines can effectively prevent coal rock dynamic disasters. Accurately recognizing weak microseismic events is an essential prerequisite for the micro-seismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in coal seams. This study proposes a recognition method for weak microseismic waveforms based on ResNet-10 to accurately recognize microseismic events generated by borehole hydraulic fracturing in coal mines. To begin with, the background noise and microseismic signals undergo pre-processing through noise reduction and filtering techniques. The preprocessed data are then fed into the ResNet-10 model, and the model parameters are continuously adjusted while the training and test data are updated. The training process stops when the model accuracy rate and loss function value are greater than 99.9% and less than 0.02 for five consecutive times. The model with the highest accuracy rate is then selected to detect the microseismic waveform. The recognition results of ResNet-10 are compared with the threshold value, STA/LTA, and expert recognition results. Finally, the study analyzes flow signal, blasting, and microseismic waveforms. The recognition accuracy rate and recall rate of ResNet-10 are much higher than those of threshold value and STA/LTA, and better than that of the experts. The results of the study show that ResNet-10 can accurately recognize weak microseismic events that are difficult for the threshold value, STA/LTA, and experts to recognize. When water flow signal occurs, it often corresponds to the penetration of hydraulic cracks and the seepage of water. The waveform recognition results demonstrate that the ResNet-10 method has great potential in recognizing weak microseismic waveforms generated by borehole hydraulic fracturing in coal seams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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21 pages, 5141 KiB  
Article
Experiments on the Coal Measures Sandstone’s Dynamic Mechanical Parameter Characteristics under the Combined Action of Temperature and Dynamic Load
by Enlai Zhao, Enyuan Wang and Haopeng Chen
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(24), 13125; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132413125 - 9 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 719
Abstract
This paper conducts impact dynamics experiments on coal measures sandstone in a deep mine via the established dynamic load and temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental system. Firstly, the experimental conditions for the impact dynamics of fine sandstone were determined, with temperatures [...] Read more.
This paper conducts impact dynamics experiments on coal measures sandstone in a deep mine via the established dynamic load and temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experimental system. Firstly, the experimental conditions for the impact dynamics of fine sandstone were determined, with temperatures of 18, 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C, an axial static load range of 1–9 MPa, and a preset bullet incidence velocity of 1.0–5.0 m/s. Secondly, based on the analysis of the basic parameters and physical composition, the dynamic stress and strain responses of fine sandstone under different experimental conditions were obtained, and the change mechanism of its dynamic mechanical process was theoretically analyzed. When the temperature rose from 18 °C to 100 °C, the dynamic peak stress of fine sandstone increased from 36.04 MPa to 73.41 MPa, with an increase of 103.7%. At a temperature of 40 °C, when the axial static load increased from 1 MPa to 9 MPa, the dynamic stress peak of fine sandstone increased from 57.25 MPa to 80.01 MPa, and the corresponding peak strain also showed an increasing trend. The experiment analyzed the variation characteristics of dynamic stress in fine sandstone under the combined action of different strain rates or bullet incidence velocities and different temperatures. In the strain rate range of 47.1 s−1 to 140.9 s−1, there was a significant strain rate effect on the dynamic peak stress and peak strain of fine sandstone, which increased with the increase of strain rate. The study found a polynomial relationship between the dynamic mechanical parameters of fine sandstone and the impact of experimental parameters, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9. A dynamic stress constitutive model for fine sandstone under one-dimensional stress state under dynamic load and temperature action was established, and the model validation and parameter determination of dynamic stress changes in fine sandstone under different temperature conditions were carried out. The research results provide a new experimental method for the static and dynamic mechanical analysis of coal and rock masses under complex geological conditions and can provide a basic reference for the prevention and control of dynamic disasters in deep mining processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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17 pages, 834 KiB  
Article
Construction and Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Rockburst Based on Microseismic Monitoring
by Xuelong Li, Deyou Chen, Jianhua Fu, Shumin Liu and Xuesheng Geng
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 12013; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132112013 - 3 Nov 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 713
Abstract
Based on the relationship between rockburst and microseismic event indicators, this study proposes that the risk of rockburst in mine working faces, roadways, and even the entire mine should be studied through the “double high” risk evaluation of microseismic events. The 43 evaluation [...] Read more.
Based on the relationship between rockburst and microseismic event indicators, this study proposes that the risk of rockburst in mine working faces, roadways, and even the entire mine should be studied through the “double high” risk evaluation of microseismic events. The 43 evaluation indexes of rockburst were optimized into eight indexes by using the expert scoring method. Considering the eight indexes as the basic events and the “double high” risk of microseismic events as the top event, the “double high” accident tree of microseismic events was established. According to the qualitative analysis results of the accident tree, the microseismic activity evaluation index was determined, and the “double high” risk evaluation index system was constructed for microseismic events. The system included three first-level indicators and eight second-level indicators. The fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the “double high” risk of microseismic events in the Yanbei Coal Mine. In this paper, a microseismic monitoring and evaluation index model is constructed to simplify the existing evaluation system, which is convenient to effectively establish the connection between microseismic monitoring data and rockburst index and provide important theoretical support for underground monitoring and rockburst prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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