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Buildings
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Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering
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Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 5656

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhibo Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: monitoring and early warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters; disaster risk identification based on AI technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hongtu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
Interests: prevention of coal and rock dynamic disasters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
Interests: monitoring and prevention of dynamic disasters in underground engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dong Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics & Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Interests: monitoring and warning of coal and rock dynamic disasters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the population grows rapidly and the economy develops continuously all over the world, energy consumption and the demand for space are rapidly increasing, and it has become an inevitable trend to seek deep resources and space. With the rapid development of deep underground engineering, the risk of dynamic disaster increases significantly, caused by high temperature, high stress, or high water pressure, posing a significant threat to the normal operation of deep underground engineering and the life safety of operators.

Dynamic disaster in deep underground engineering mainly involves the deformation and failure of rock materials. Considering the complexity of rock materials, it is necessary to carry out laboratory experiments on macroscopic mechanical responses and microscopic fracture characteristics to reveal dynamic disaster evolution mechanisms as well as identify precursor information, and then apply them in the field; however, up to now, the combination of laboratory experiments and field applications of dynamic disasters is poor, hindering the technological development of monitoring and preventing dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering. Consequently, this Special Issue aims to provide an opportunity for researchers around the globe to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on monitoring and preventing dynamic disasters in deep underground engineering. The discussion topics include but are not limited to, dynamic disaster mechanisms, dynamic disaster prediction, and dynamic disaster control. Original research and review articles are welcome.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Applied Sciences.

Dr. Zhibo Zhang
Dr. Hongtu Zhang
Dr. Chao Wang
Dr. Dong Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dynamic disaster evolution mechanism
  • monitoring and early warning
  • multidimensional information fusion
  • risk identification and evaluation
  • prevention and control
  • advanced equipment development
  • artificial intelligence

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 7208 KiB  
Article
Spatial Adaptive Improvement Detection Network for Corroded Bolt Detection in Tunnels
by Zhiwei Guo, Xianfeng Cheng, Quanmin Xie and Hui Zhou
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2560; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082560 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 449
Abstract
The detection of corroded bolts is crucial for tunnel safety. However, the specific directionality and complex texture of corroded bolt defects make current YOLO series models unable to identify them accurately. This study proposes a spatial adaptive improved detection network (SAIDN), which integrates [...] Read more.
The detection of corroded bolts is crucial for tunnel safety. However, the specific directionality and complex texture of corroded bolt defects make current YOLO series models unable to identify them accurately. This study proposes a spatial adaptive improved detection network (SAIDN), which integrates a spatial adaptive improvement module (SAIM) that adaptively emphasizes important features and reduces interference, enhancing detection accuracy. The SAIM performs a detailed analysis and transformation of features in the spatial and channel dimensions, enhancing the model’s ability to recognize critical defect information. The use of depthwise separable convolutions and adaptive feature reweighting strategies improves detail processing capabilities and computational efficiency. Experimental results show that SAIDN significantly outperforms existing models in detection accuracy, achieving 94.4% accuracy and 98.5% recall, surpassing advanced models such as YOLOv9 and Cascade RCNN. These findings highlight the potential of SAIDN in enhancing subway tunnels’ safety and maintenance efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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22 pages, 10680 KiB  
Article
Study on Catastrophic Evolution Law of Water and Mud Inrush in Water-Rich Fault Fracture Zone of Deep Buried Tunnel
by Yanhui Guo, Shunyin Li, Shilin Mao, Qin Song, Lei Zheng, Hang Yan, Xiaoqiang Li and Yong Niu
Buildings 2024, 14(7), 2220; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14072220 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 724
Abstract
To study the evolution law of water and mud inrush disasters in the fractured zones of water-rich faults in deep buried tunnels, a self-developed 3D physical model test system was used to conduct experimental research about the evolution process. Additionally, MIDAS GTS NX [...] Read more.
To study the evolution law of water and mud inrush disasters in the fractured zones of water-rich faults in deep buried tunnels, a self-developed 3D physical model test system was used to conduct experimental research about the evolution process. Additionally, MIDAS GTS NX 2022 version was used to analyze the evolution laws of displacement, stress, pore water pressure, and seepage flow velocity during the excavation process. The findings indicate that in the model testing, tunnel excavation caused different changes in the stress magnitude of the surrounding rock at different positions. The pore water pressure increases correspondingly with the loading water pressure at the same location. The function relationship between the relative water pressure coefficient of any point in the outburst-prevention rock mass, and the vertical distance from that point to the upper boundary of the fault, was obtained through nonlinear fitting. In numerical simulation, excavation affects the vertical displacement of the arch vault more than the arch ring, while it has a greater impact on the horizontal displacement of the arch ring compared to the arch vault. The maximum and minimum principal stresses show significant changes; the pore water pressure at each monitoring point decreases with the increase in excavation distance. The flow velocity of seepage shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The research results can provide relevant references for the prevention of water and mud inrush disasters in fault areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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21 pages, 16899 KiB  
Article
Deformation Characteristics and Energy Evolution Rules of Siltstone under Stepwise Cyclic Loading and Unloading
by Shengjun Miao, Xiangfan Shang, Hui Wang, Mingchun Liang, Pengjin Yang and Chunkang Liu
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061500 - 22 May 2024
Viewed by 684
Abstract
Uniaxial step cyclic loading and unloading tests on siltstone were conducted to investigate the mechanisms and evolution characteristics of rock deformation, including elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic aspects. This study proposes a method for separating dissipated energy into damage energy, which is used for [...] Read more.
Uniaxial step cyclic loading and unloading tests on siltstone were conducted to investigate the mechanisms and evolution characteristics of rock deformation, including elastic, viscoelastic, and plastic aspects. This study proposes a method for separating dissipated energy into damage energy, which is used for particle slippage and structural fractures, and plastic energy, which remains in cracks that do not open after unloading. Additionally, elastic energy is divided into particle elastic energy, released by particle rebound, and crack elastic energy, released by the reopening of compacted cracks. The results indicate that as the stress amplitude increases, the damage energy consumption, plastic energy consumption, particle elastic energy, and crack elastic energy increase. At peak stress, significant expansion and penetration of cracks within the rock sample occur, leading to a sharp increase in damage energy consumption and a dramatic decrease in the rock sample’s mechanical properties, with the particle elastic energy dropping quickly. Plastic energy dissipation relates solely to cracks that do not reopen during unloading, with minimal change after reaching peak stress. The calculated damage variables, based on damage energy consumption, align with the deformation and energy characteristics of the rock, providing a reasonable description of the damage development process of the rock under cyclic loading and unloading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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17 pages, 3616 KiB  
Article
Research on Deformation Safety Risk Warning of Super-Large and Ultra-Deep Foundation Pits Based on Long Short-Term Memory
by Yanhui Guo, Chengjin Li, Ming Yan, Rui Ma and Wei Bi
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051464 - 17 May 2024
Viewed by 714
Abstract
This paper proposes transforming actual monitoring data into risk quantities and establishing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) safety risk warning model for predicting the deformation of super-large and ultra-deep foundation pits in river–round gravel strata based on safety evaluation methods. Using this model, [...] Read more.
This paper proposes transforming actual monitoring data into risk quantities and establishing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) safety risk warning model for predicting the deformation of super-large and ultra-deep foundation pits in river–round gravel strata based on safety evaluation methods. Using this model, short-term deformation predictions at various monitoring points of the foundation pits are made and compared with monitoring data. The results from the LSTM safety risk warning model indicate an absolute error range between the predicted deformation values and on-site monitoring values of −0.24 to 0.16 mm, demonstrating the model’s accuracy in predicting pit deformation. Additionally, calculations reveal that both the overall risk level based on on-site monitoring data and the overall safety risk level based on predicted data are classified as level four. The acceptance criteria for the overall risk level of the foundation pit are defined as “unacceptable and requiring decision-making”, with the risk warning control scheme being “requiring decision-making, formulation of control, and warning measures”. These research findings offer valuable insights for predicting and warning about safety risks in similar foundation pit engineering projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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12 pages, 8107 KiB  
Article
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Moisture Content on Macroscopic Mechanical Response and Microscopic Evolution Characteristic of Limestone
by Zhibo Zhang, Jiang Sun, Yankun Ma, Qi Wang, Haotian Li and Enyuan Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(2), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14020469 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 794
Abstract
The uniaxial compression experiments and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring are conducted to investigate the macroscopic mechanical behavior and microscopic fracture characteristics of limestone samples with varying moisture contents. The findings revealed that as the moisture content increases from 0 to 6.6%, there is [...] Read more.
The uniaxial compression experiments and acoustic emission (AE) monitoring are conducted to investigate the macroscopic mechanical behavior and microscopic fracture characteristics of limestone samples with varying moisture contents. The findings revealed that as the moisture content increases from 0 to 6.6%, there is a decrease in peak stress and an increase in peak strain. A clear trend towards greater complexity in fracture characteristics is observed with increasing moisture content. In addition, AE activities demonstrate a heightened frequency, accompanied by an elevation in the corresponding multifractal parameter Δα as the moisture content rises. These variations are attributed to the increase in moisture content, which promotes the proliferation of small-scale microcracks and inhibits their evolution into large-scale microcracks. Consequently, the damage and failure process of the limestone samples transitions from being predominantly controlled by a few large-scale microcracks to being collectively influenced by a multitude of small-scale microcracks as the moisture content increases. In conjunction with the Criterion of Microcrack Density, the correctness of the analysis above is substantiated through mathematical derivation. Further, a quantitative model that links the microcrack system to moisture content is established based on the multifractal parameter Δα. Following this, a characterization model that depicts the macroscopic mechanical properties of limestone affected by moisture content is developed. This model effectively encapsulates the quantitative relationship between moisture content and the macroscopic characteristics of limestone and is validated through fitting experimental data. This research contributes to understanding the macroscopic mechanical response and microscopic fracture characteristics of limestone samples with different moisture contents, providing valuable insights and guidance for ensuring safety during engineering construction processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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15 pages, 4623 KiB  
Article
Study on the Force Model of Squeezed Branch Piles Based on Surface Potential Characteristics
by Siqing Zhang, Xiaofei Liu, Huajie Zhang, Chunde Piao and Yue Niu
Buildings 2023, 13(9), 2231; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092231 - 1 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 949
Abstract
Squeezed branch piles, which boast the advantages of great bearing capacity, small settlement, and good stability, are an important infrastructure in the foundation of buildings, and their safety state is related to the safety of the entire structure. As a non-destructive testing method, [...] Read more.
Squeezed branch piles, which boast the advantages of great bearing capacity, small settlement, and good stability, are an important infrastructure in the foundation of buildings, and their safety state is related to the safety of the entire structure. As a non-destructive testing method, surface potential can be used to effectively evaluate the damaged state of a pile foundation without destroying its stability. On this basis, in this study, the characteristics of surface potential change during settlement and deformation of squeezed branch piles under graded loading were tested and analyzed with the aid of a self-made loading system of reaction beams and an LB-IV multi-channel potential data acquisition system. The results show that: Under graded loading, squeezed branch piles can produce surface potential signals whose intensity can well reflect the settlement and local failure characteristics of the pile foundation; The potential signals change in advance of load; and they fluctuate violently before local fracturing of squeezed branch piles. The unstable fluctuation of the potential signal can be regarded as a precursor to the fracturing of squeezed branch piles. The research results have positive theoretical significance and important application value for assessing the stability of both branch piles and their stress states on site and monitoring and forecasting the disaster of pile foundation instability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring and Prevention of Dynamic Disasters in Deep Underground Engineering)
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