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Nonlinearities, Turbulence and Chaos in Space and Earth Systems

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A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Planetary Atmospheres".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 6816

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Leonardo Primavera

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Guest Editor

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte Pietro Bucci Cubo 31C, Arcavacata, Italy
Interests: numerical simulations of atmospheric turbulence; numerical simulations of turbulence in fluids and astrophysical plasmas; solar wind and solar atmosphere; techniques for analysis of turbulence; numerical methods for fractal and multi-fractal analyses

Dr. Agostino Lauria

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Guest Editor

Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Interests: turbulence; CFD; free surface flows; Navier–Stokes equations; vortical structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Emilia Florio

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Guest Editor

Università della Calabria
Interests: complementary mathematics; chaos and dynamical systems; multifractals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect recent studies on dynamics of turbulent fluids and plasmas, chaos, and general nonlinear properties of Space and Earth systems. It is well known that the majority of terrestrial and space (magneto)fluids involve nonlinear dynamics in the exchanges of energy bringing to a turbulent behavior, multifractal scalings, and chaos. In these systems, either homogeneous or inhomogeneous, nonlinearities can dramatically modify the properties of the system under examination and strongly influence the transport dynamics, dissipation properties, and other characteristics of the medium. Such dynamics is of fundamental importance for explaining the evolution of solar and stellar magnetofluids, sustaining of the stellar and planetary magnetic fields (dynamo effect), the fluid–structure interactions in rivers and oceans, floods, and phenomena relevant for atmospheric and ocean physics.

This Special Issue aims to gather original research, review, and state-of-the-art articles focused on turbulent and nonlinear phenomena using theoretical, experimental, and numerical approaches.

Dr. Leonardo Primavera
Dr. Agostino Lauria
Dr. Emilia Florio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

turbulence
numerical simulations
space plasmas
geophysical fluids
chaos and dynamical systems.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation between Buoyancy Flux, Dissipation and Potential Vorticity in Rotating Stratified Turbulence

by Duane Rosenberg, Annick Pouquet and Raffaele Marino

Atmosphere 2021, 12(2), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020157 - 26 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2118

Abstract

We study in this paper the correlation between the buoyancy flux, the efficiency of energy dissipation and the linear and nonlinear components of potential vorticity, PV, a point-wise invariant of the Boussinesq equations, contrasting the three identified regimes of rotating stratified turbulence, namely wave-dominated, wave–eddy interactions and eddy-dominated. After recalling some of the main novel features of these flows compared to homogeneous isotropic turbulence, we specifically analyze three direct numerical simulations in the absence of forcing and performed on grids of

1024^{3}

points, one in each of these physical regimes. We focus in particular on the link between the point-wise buoyancy flux and the amount of kinetic energy dissipation and of linear and nonlinear PV. For flows dominated by waves, we find that the highest joint probability is for minimal kinetic energy dissipation (compared to the buoyancy flux), low dissipation efficiency and low nonlinear PV, whereas for flows dominated by nonlinear eddies, the highest correlation between dissipation and buoyancy flux occurs for weak flux and high localized nonlinear PV. We also show that the nonlinear potential vorticity is strongly correlated with high dissipation efficiency in the turbulent regime, corresponding to intermittent events, as observed in the atmosphere and oceans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinearities, Turbulence and Chaos in Space and Earth Systems)

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Figure 1

14 pages, 13135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Utility-Scale Photovoltaics Plant on Near Surface Turbulence Characteristics in Gobi Areas

by Junxia Jiang, Xiaoqing Gao and Bolong Chen

Atmosphere 2021, 12(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12010018 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1798

Abstract

With the rapid deployment of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, the impact of PV plants on the environment is a new concern of the scientific and social communities. The exchange of sensible and latent heat energy and mass between land and air in PV plants is crucial to understanding its impact. It is known that the near surface turbulence characteristics rule the exchange. Therefore, it is essential for understanding the impact to study the characteristics of near surface turbulence. However, it is not well recognized. Turbulent fluxes and strength characteristics for the PV plant and the adjacent reference site in the Xinjiang Gobi area were investigated in this study. Various surface layer parameters including friction velocity, stability parameter, momentum flux, and turbulent flux were calculated using eddy correlation system. Results indicate that compared to the reference site, near the surface boundary layer was more unstable during the daytime due to the stronger convection heating, while it was more stable at night in the PV plant. In the PV plant,

I_{u}

was weakened and

I_{v}

was strengthened during the daytime, and

I_{u}

and

I_{v}

were all weakened at night, while

I_{w}

was strengthened across the whole day. The significant difference between

I_{u}

and

I_{v}

in the PV plant indicated that the horizontally turbulence strengths were affected by the plant layout. The turbulent kinetic energy of the PV plant was lower than the reference site and the momentum in the PV plant was higher than the reference site, especially during the daytime. Compared to the reference site, the PV plant had a higher sensible heat flux and less latent heat flux. The turbulent components of wind followed the 1/3 power law in the unstable conditions and stable conditions in the PV plant and the reference site. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinearities, Turbulence and Chaos in Space and Earth Systems)

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Figure 1

Other

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13 pages, 5113 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cold and Dense Plasma Sheet Caused by Solar Wind Entry: Direct Evidence

by Yue Yu, Zuzheng Chen and Fang Chen

Atmosphere 2020, 11(8), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11080831 - 07 Aug 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2337

Abstract

We present a coordinated observation with the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, located in the Earth’s magnetotail plasma sheet, and the Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon’s Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) mission, located in the solar wind, in order to understand the formation mechanism of the cold and dense plasma sheet (CDPS). MMS detected two CDPSs composed of two ion populations with different energies, where the energy of the cold ion population is the same as that of the solar wind measured by ARTEMIS. This feature directly indicates that the CDPSs are caused by the solar wind entry. In addition, He⁺ was observed in the CDPSs. The plasma density in these two CDPSs are ~1.8 cm⁻³ and ~10 cm⁻³, respectively, roughly 4–30 times the average value of a plasma sheet. We performed a cross-correlation analysis on the ion density of the CDPS and the solar wind, and we found that it takes 3.7–5.9 h for the solar wind to enter the plasma sheet. Such a coordinated observation confirms the previous speculation based on single-spacecraft measurements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nonlinearities, Turbulence and Chaos in Space and Earth Systems)

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