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Atmosphere
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Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol
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Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Aerosols".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2018) | Viewed by 15479

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
Interests: atmospheric chemistry; organic aerosol; gas-particle partitioning; aerosol mass spectrometry; chemical ionization mass spectrometry; environmental chamber experiments; ambient measurements; human health impacts

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atmospheric particles adversely affect human health—every year they are estimated to result in millions of premature deaths worldwide. Organic aerosol (OA) globally comprises the majority of the submicron particle mass, yet our understanding of OA formation and transformation is incomplete. Although it is clear that oxidation of gas-phase compounds and processing of particle-phase compounds play important roles in OA formation and transformation, the underlying chemistry and thermodynamics are poorly understood. As a result, modeling efforts often lead to underestimations of ambient OA loadings. This highlights the need for additional experimental data on the formation and transformation of OA, including the relationships between chemical transformation and changes in physicochemical properties of the OA, such as its volatility. Modeling studies with updated OA formation and transformation processes are also needed. Manuscripts related to these aspects are welcome for this Special Issue.

Dr. Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • organic aerosol

  • atmospheric oxidation

  • laboratory experiments

  • ambient measurements

  • modeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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14 pages, 3295 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Absolute Mass Loading of Secondary Organic Aerosols on Their Phase State
by Shashank Jain, Kevin B. Fischer and Giuseppe A. Petrucci
Atmosphere 2018, 9(4), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9040131 - 31 Mar 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5013 | Correction
Abstract
Absolute secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading (CSOA) is a key parameter in determining partitioning of semi- and intermediate volatility compounds to the particle phase. Its impact on the phase state of SOA, however, has remained largely unexplored. In this study, [...] Read more.
Absolute secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading (CSOA) is a key parameter in determining partitioning of semi- and intermediate volatility compounds to the particle phase. Its impact on the phase state of SOA, however, has remained largely unexplored. In this study, systematic laboratory chamber measurements were performed to elucidate the influence of CSOA, ranging from 0.2 to 160 µg m−3, on the phase state of SOA formed by ozonolysis of various precursors, including α-pinene, limonene, cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CHA) and cis-3-hexen-1-ol (HXL). A previously established method to estimate SOA bounce factor (BF, a surrogate for particle viscosity) was utilized to infer particle viscosity as a function of CSOA. Results show that under nominally identical conditions, the maximum BF decreases by approximately 30% at higher CSOA, suggesting a more liquid phase state. With the exception of HXL-SOA (which acted as the negative control), the phase state for all studied SOA precursors varied as a function of CSOA. Furthermore, the BF was found to be the maximum when SOA particle distributions reached a geometric mean particle diameter of 50–60 nm. Experimental results indicate that CSOA is an important parameter impacting the phase state of SOA, reinforcing recent findings that extrapolation of experiments not conducted at atmospherically relevant SOA levels may not yield results that are relevant to the natural environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol)
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9 pages, 910 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Variations and Sources of Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Chengdu, China
by Ju Yang, Wenlai Xu and Huiyu Cheng
Atmosphere 2018, 9(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9020063 - 11 Feb 2018
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4394
Abstract
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chengdu, a southwest city of China, were determined from March 2015 to February 2016. Here, two diagnostic ratios (DR) were determined and a principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) analysis was performed [...] Read more.
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chengdu, a southwest city of China, were determined from March 2015 to February 2016. Here, two diagnostic ratios (DR) were determined and a principal component analysis/multiple linear regression (PCA/MLR) analysis was performed to identify the sources of PAHs during the four seasons. The gaseous and particle phase samples were analyzed separately. The sampled air had a gas-to particle ratio of 4.21, and between 18.7% and 31.3% of the total detected PAHs were found in the particulate phase. The total concentration of all 16-PAHs combined (gas + particles) varied from 176.94 in summer to 458.95 ng·m−3 in winter, with a mean of 300.35 ± 176.6 ng·m−3. In the gas phase, phenanthrene(Phe) was found at the highest concentrations in all four seasons, while benzo[b]fluoranthene(BbF) and (in winter) chrysene(Chr) were the highest in the particle phase. The DR of Fluroanthene (Flua)/(Flua + Pyrene (Pyr)) was higher in the gas phase than in the particle phase, while the Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene(IcdP)/(IcdP + Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)) ratio was more variable in the gas than that in the particle phase. The main sources for both phases were a mixture of liquid fossil fuel combustion and the burning of biomass and coal, with clear seasonal variation. Principal Component Analysis/Multiple Linear Regression (PCA/MLR) analysis identified the main PAH sources as coal burning (52%) with motor vehicle exhaust and coke (48%) in spring; coal (52%), coke (21%), and motor vehicle exhaust (27%) in summer; coal (47%), vehicle exhaust (34%), and coke (19%) in autumn; and coal (58%) and vehicle exhaust (42%) in winter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol)
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1029 KiB  
Article
Sources and Formation Processes of Short-Chain Saturated Diacids (C2–C4) in Inhalable Particles (PM10) from Huangshi City, Central China
by Hongxia Liu, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bhagawati Kunwar, Junji Cao, Jiaquan Zhang, Changlin Zhan, Jingru Zheng, Ruizhen Yao, Ting Liu, Xianli Liu and Wensheng Xiao
Atmosphere 2017, 8(11), 213; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8110213 - 08 Nov 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3732
Abstract
PM10 samples were collected from Huangshi (HS) city, Central China during April 2012 to March 2013, and were analyzed for short-chain saturated dicarboxylic acids (diacids) using a capillary gas chromatograph (GC). We found that oxalic acid (C2, 318 ± 104 [...] Read more.
PM10 samples were collected from Huangshi (HS) city, Central China during April 2012 to March 2013, and were analyzed for short-chain saturated dicarboxylic acids (diacids) using a capillary gas chromatograph (GC). We found that oxalic acid (C2, 318 ± 104 ng·m−3) was the most abundant diacid species, followed by malonic acid (C3, 25.4 ± 9.11 ng·m−3) and succinic acid (C4, 2.09 ± 0.52 ng·m−3). The concentrations of C2 and C4 diacids were highest in winter, followed by summer and spring, and lowest in autumn. C3 diacid was decreased in the order of summer > winter > autumn > spring. Further, the seasonal variations of WSOC (water-soluble organic carbon)- and OC (organic carbon)-normalized diacid concentrations were similar to those of diacid concentrations, suggesting that both primary emission and secondary production are important sources for diacids in Huangshi (HS) aerosols. Strong correlations were found among C2 diacid and the three ions SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ in summer and winter, suggesting that the species could undergo a similar secondary oxidation processing. C2 had good correlation with K+ in summer and autumn, which indicates an enhanced contribution of combustion sources for C2 diacid. Moreover, according to the ratio of C2/K+, we can conclude that C2 diacid should be formed by a secondary reaction of biomass combustion in HS aerosols, especially in summer and autumn. The ratios of C2/C4 and C3/C4 were compared with those reported in other sites, and the results suggest that HS aerosols should be more photochemically aged than at other urban areas. Principal component analysis of diacids and selected water-soluble inorganic ions over four seasons suggests that HS aerosols are influenced not only from primary emission, but also from secondary reaction. According to the linear relation between C2 and C3 diacids, the results indicate that C2 diacid is formed from the oxidation of hydrocarbon compounds in spring, while it is from the oxidation of C3 and C4 diacids in summer, autumn, and winter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol)
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1 pages, 139 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Jain, S., et al. The Influence of Absolute Mass Loading of Secondary Organic Aerosols on Their Phase State. Atmosphere, 2018, 9, 131
by Shashank Jain, Kevin B. Fischer and Giuseppe A. Petrucci
Atmosphere 2019, 10(10), 630; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100630 - 18 Oct 2019
Viewed by 1879
Abstract
The authors would like to correct the published article [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Formation and Transformation of Organic Aerosol)
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