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Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery

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A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biology and Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 9900

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rizwan Wahab

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Guest Editor

Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Interests: Inorganic; organic-based nanostructures; nanomaterials; nanostructure-based cancer formulations; nanostructures as antimicrobial agents; bio medical nanodevices; drug delivery; functional nanostructures; DNA binding studies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is well known that cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide.

Nanomedicine and nanomaterials have developed rapidly in recent years and are used in various fields of biomedicine.

Nanomedicine is changing the way in which cancer is treated. Research shows that nanoparticles have the potential to modulate cancer cells and help to improve the efficacy of anti-cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Nanomaterials also play an important role in the development and delivery of anti-cancer drugs.

This Special Issue, "Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery", is led by Biomedicines. Our topics mainly cover the following: research and development of new nano anti-cancer drugs, exploration of therapeutic targets for various types of cancer, the application of nano drugs in cancer treatment delivery and new applications of nanomedicine in cancer therapy, etc.

We welcome scholars in the field to submit their latest results, including original papers and reviews.

Dr. Rizwan Wahab
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

cancer therapy
nanomedicine
anti-cancer drug
targeting delivery

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticles–Bacillus sp. MKUST-01 Exopolysaccharide (SeNPs–EPS) Conjugate for Biomedical Applications

by Thirumalaivasan Ramachandran, Devaprakash Manoharan, Sivakumar Natesan, Shyam Kumar Rajaram, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mujeeb Khan and Baji Shaik

Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2520; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092520 - 12 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1479

Abstract

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous microbial metabolites generated predominantly during the development of bacteria. They have several biological potentials, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer actions. Polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles have high biological activity and are used in treatments and diagnostics. In this research, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are synthesized and conjugated with bacterial (Bacillus sp. MKUST-01) exopolysaccharide (EPS). Initially, the creation of SeNPs conjugates was verified through UV–Vis spectral examination, which exhibited a prominent peak at 264 nm. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis further substantiated the existence of crystalline Se, as evidenced by a robust reflection at 29.78°. Another reflection observed at 23.76° indicated the presence of carbon originating from the EPS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the EPS capped with SeNPs displayed characteristic peaks at 3425 cm⁻¹, 2926 cm⁻¹, 1639 cm⁻¹, and 1411 cm⁻¹, corresponding to the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, and COO–groups. The SeNPs themselves were found to possess elongated rod-shaped structures with lengths ranging from 250 to 550 nm and a diameter of less than 70 nm, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. In contrast to the SeNPs, the SeNPs–EPS conjugates showed no hemolytic activity. The overall antioxidant activity of SeNPs–EPS conjugates outperformed 20% higher than SeNPs and EPS. Additionally, experimental observations involving gnotobiotic Artemia nauplii experiments were also recorded, such as the supplementation of EPS and SeNPs–EPS conjugates corresponding to enhanced growth and increased survival rates compared to Artemia nauplii fed with SeNPs and a microalgal diet. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery)

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14 pages, 5224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cerium Oxide/Graphene Oxide Hybrid: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity in a Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)

by J. Saranya, P. Saminathan, Seshadri Reddy Ankireddy, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mujeeb Khan, Merajuddin Khan and Baji Shaik

Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020531 - 12 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1948

Abstract

In the present study, we used a simple ultrasonic approach to develop a Cerium oxide/Graphene oxide hybrid (CeO₂/GO hybrid) nanocomposite system. Particle size analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) have been used to analyze the physio-chemical characteristics of the developed nanocomposite. The synthesized hybrid system has also been examined to assess its anticancer capability against MCF-7 cell lines and normal cell lines at different sample concentrations, pH values, and incubation intervals using an antiproliferative assay test. The test results demonstrate that as sample concentration rises, the apoptotic behavior of the CeO₂/GO hybrid in the MCF-7 cell line also rises. The IC₅₀ was 62.5 µg/mL after 72 h of incubation. Cytotoxicity of cisplatin bound CeO₂/GO hybrid was also tested in MCF-7 cell lines. To identify apoptosis-associated alterations of cell membranes during the process of apoptosis, a dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescence staining was carried out at three specified doses (i.e., 1000 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, and 62.5 µg/mL of CeO₂/GO hybrid). The color variations from both live (green) and dead (red) cells were examined using fluorescence microscopy under in vitro conditions. The quantitative analysis was performed using flow cytometry to identify the cell cycle at which the maximum number of MCF-7 cells had been destroyed as a result of interaction with the developed CeO₂/GO hybrid (FACS study). According to the results of the FACS investigation, the majority of cancer cells were inhibited at the R3 (G2/M) phase. Therefore, the CeO₂/GO hybrid has successfully showed enhanced anticancer efficacy against the MCF-7 cell line at the IC50 concentration. According to the current study, the CeO₂/GO platform can be used as a therapeutic platform for breast cancer. The synergetic effects of the developed CeO₂/GO hybrid with the MCF-7 cell line are presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery)

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18 pages, 4405 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticle-Loaded Liposome-Based Nanoarchitectonics for Cancer Management: In Vitro Drug Release Analysis

by Priyanka Jayachandran, Suganya Ilango, Vivekananthan Suseela, Ramalingam Nirmaladevi, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Mujeeb Khan, Merajuddin Khan and Baji Shaik

Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010217 - 14 Jan 2023

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3621

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles act as antitumor agents because of their antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties. The present study aims to develop silver nanoparticle-loaded liposomes for the effective management of cancer. Silver nanoparticle-encapsulated liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method coupled with sonication. The prepared liposomes were characterized by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering analysis), FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). The in vitro drug release profile of the silver nanoparticle-loaded liposomes was carried out using the dialysis bag method and the drug release profile was validated using various mathematical models. A high encapsulation efficiency of silver nanoparticle-loaded liposome was observed (82.25%). A particle size and polydispersity index of 172.1 nm and 0.381, respectively, and the zeta potential of −21.5 mV were recorded. FESEM analysis revealed spherical-shaped nanoparticles in the size range of 80–97 nm. The in vitro drug release profile of the silver nanoparticle-loaded liposomes was carried out using the dialysis bag method in three different pHs: pH 5.5, pH 6.8, and pH 7.4. A high silver nanoparticle release was observed in pH 5.5 which corresponds to the mature endosomes of tumor cells; 73.32 ± 0.68% nanoparticle was released at 72 h in pH 5.5. Among the various mathematical models analyzed, the Higuchi model was the best-fitted model as there is the highest value of the correlation coefficient which confirms that the drug release follows the diffusion-controlled process. From the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, it was confirmed that the drug release is based on anomalous non-Fickian diffusion. The results indicate that the silver nanoparticle-loaded liposomes can be used as an efficient drug delivery carrier to target cancer cells of various types. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery)

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Review

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22 pages, 2333 KiB

Open AccessReview

Forging New Therapeutic Targets: Efforts of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Prepare the Pre-Metastatic Niche for Cancer Cell Dissemination and Dormancy

by Ranvir Bhatia, Joanna Chang, Jessian L. Munoz and Nykia D. Walker

Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061614 - 01 Jun 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2084

Abstract

Tumor-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role in preparing the pre-metastatic niche, promoting cancer dissemination, and regulating cancer cell dormancy. A brief review of three types of cells implicated in metastasis and an overview of other types of extracellular vesicles related to metastasis are described. A central focus of this review is on how exosomes influence cancer progression throughout metastatic disease. Exosomes are crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transferring their cargo to recipient cells, modulating their behavior, and promoting tumor pro-gression. First, their functional role in cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood by facilitating the establishment of a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory niche is described during organotro-pism and in lymphatic-mediated metastasis. Second, tumor-derived exosomes can transfer molecular signals that induce cell cycle arrest, dormancy, and survival pathways in disseminated cells, promoting a dormant state are reviewed. Third, several studies highlight exosome involvement in maintaining cellular dormancy in the bone marrow endosteum. Finally, the clinical implications of exosomes as biomarkers or diagnostic tools for cancer progression are also outlined. Understanding the complex interplay between tumor-derived exosomes and the pre-metastatic niche is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target metastasis and prevent cancer recurrence. To that end, several examples of how exosomes or other nanocarriers are used as a drug delivery system to inhibit cancer metastasis are discussed. Strategies are discussed to alter exosome cargo content for better loading capacity or direct cell targeting by integrins. Further, pre-clinical models or Phase I clinical trials implementing exosomes or other nanocarriers to attack metastatic cancer cells are highlighted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer: Therapy and Drug Discovery)

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