Versatility of Glutathione Transferase Proteins
A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Enzymology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 33230
Special Issue Editor
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Glutathione is an abundant tripeptide in essentially all aerobic organisms and a pivotal component in cellular protection against oxidative stress, electrophilic mutagens, and carcinogens. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes catalyzing glutathione-dependent reactions that lead to inactivation and conjugation of the toxic compounds followed by subsequent excretion of the detoxified products. GSTs occur abundantly in multiple forms, and the “GSTome” encompasses both soluble and membrane-bound proteins. Discovered as enzymes detoxifying xenobiotics, including pesticides and herbicides, it was later found that natural substrates include products of lipid peroxidation and other toxic compounds derived from endogenous cellular components. GSTs can be secreted from cells in culture and taken up in catalytically functional form by other cells, suggesting intracellular trafficking in tissues. GST functions include metabolic reactions such as steroid double-bond isomerization in sex hormone production as well as intracellular transport of ligands. Another aspect of GST functionality involves the regulation of cellular signaling via binding to protein kinases such as AKT and JNK. This aspect is consequential to the proliferation and suppression of cancer cells, and genetic polymorphisms in the GSTome influence susceptibility to disease. Prodrugs have been designed to be activated in tumors by their intrinsic GSTs. Engineering of GSTs for biotechnical applications is in progress.
Over many decades, GSTs have attracted increased attention, but the research field of the GSTome has not yet matured. New aspects continue to emerge, and a full understanding of the scope of the GST proteins is not yet in sight.
Prof. Dr. Bengt Mannervik
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- glutathione
- glutathione transferase
- GST
- detoxication
- cellular signaling
- enzyme evolution
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