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Buildings
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Development in Low-Carbon, High-Performance Concrete Technology
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Development in Low-Carbon, High-Performance Concrete Technology

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Materials, and Repair & Renovation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1574

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System and Architectural Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-Si 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: sustainable concrete; low carbon dioxide concrete; concrete hydration model; optimal hybrid design model; reinforced concrete; composite structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Meiyu Xuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Architectural Engineering/Chuncheon-si, Kangwon National Universi-ty, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea
Interests: ultra-high performance concrete; autogenous shrink-age; carbonation curing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-performance concrete is one of the indispensable materials in modern urban construction. It bears the important mission of promoting the urbanization process. Its quality is directly related to the quality of construction projects and is the fundamental guarantee for ensuring the quality of projects. In addition, low carbon and environmental protection have become new requirements for the concrete industry in modern society. Therefore, we need to continuously explore low-carbon high-performance concrete to better achieve sustainability and cost-effectiveness while meeting basic performance requirements. This Special Issue aims to deeply explore the performance change mechanism of building materials, stimulate innovation, promote the development of low-carbon concrete technology and promote the sustainable development of the construction industry. The topics for this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Low-carbon concrete;
  • High-performance concrete;
  • Sustainable building materials;
  • Mineral admixtures;
  • Industrial waste and by-products;
  • Alternative cementitious materials;
  • Solid waste-recycled concrete;
  • Carbonation;
  • Carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage;
  • Life cycle sustainability.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoyong Wang
Dr. Meiyu Xuan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • low-CO2 concrete
  • sustainability
  • high-performance concrete
  • microstructure
  • testing
  • modeling
  • CO2 utilization

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 1533 KiB  
Article
Low-Carbon Slag Concrete Design Optimization Method Considering the Coupled Effects of Formwork Stripping, Strength Progress, and Carbonation Durability
by Li-Na Zhang, Seung-Jun Kwon and Xiao-Yong Wang
Buildings 2025, 15(8), 1316; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081316 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 142
Abstract
Partially substituting cement with slag is an efficient approach to lowering the carbon footprint of concrete. Earlier research on low-carbon slag concrete has primarily concentrated on the optimization of material strength without considering the coupled effects of formwork stripping time, strength progress, and [...] Read more.
Partially substituting cement with slag is an efficient approach to lowering the carbon footprint of concrete. Earlier research on low-carbon slag concrete has primarily concentrated on the optimization of material strength without considering the coupled effects of formwork stripping time, strength progress, and carbonation durability, which may lead to the risk of steel reinforcement corrosion. To address this limitation, this study introduces an optimized design approach for low-carbon slag concrete that simultaneously accounts for the formwork stripping time and carbonation durability. First, based on strength test results, a strength prediction equation which incorporates the curing age, water-to-(cement+slag) mass ratio, and slag-to-(cement+slag) mass ratio is developed. As such, the coefficients of the equation have clear physical meanings. Both the cement and slag strength coefficients increase with curing age, with the slag strength coefficient exhibiting a greater growth rate than that of cement. Second, an evaluation of concrete’s carbon emissions per 1 MPa increase in strength reveals that, for a given curing age, adopting a low water-to-(cement+slag) mass ratio and a high slag-to-(cement+slag) mass ratio effectively reduces these emissions. Parameter analysis of the carbonation model reveals that increasing the curing time before the onset of carbonation reduces the carbonation depth. Furthermore, four design scenarios are considered in this study: scenario C1 does not consider carbonation durability, with a specified strength of 30 MPa at 28 days; scenario C2 considers carbonation durability, with the same specified strength of 30 MPa at 28 days; scenario C3 does not consider carbonation durability but requires formwork stripping at 7 days; and scenario C4 considers carbonation durability and also requires formwork stripping at 7 days. Through the formulation of constraints for optimization using a genetic algorithm, the appropriate mix proportions for each design scenario are obtained. Finally, the optimization results reveal that, when transitioning from C1 to C2, the actual 28-day concrete compressive strength rises from 30 MPa to 65.139 MPa; when transitioning from C1 to C3, the actual 28-day concrete compressive strength slightly rises from 30 MPa to 30.122 MPa; and when transitioning from C3 to C4, the actual 28-day concrete compressive strength significantly rises from 30.122 MPa to 80.890 MPa. In summary, this study introduces a new approach to the material design of low-carbon slag concrete. In particular, prolonging the curing period plays a crucial role in optimizing low-carbon slag concrete mixtures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development in Low-Carbon, High-Performance Concrete Technology)
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25 pages, 3581 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Hydration and Property Evaluation Model for Coral Powder–Cement Binary Blends
by Li-Yi Meng and Xiao-Yong Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2346; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082346 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
With the rise in the marine industry and marine tourism, coral powder is increasingly used to make concrete for marine islands. This study proposes a three-parameter hydration model and a hydration kinetic model to predict the performance of coral powder concrete based on [...] Read more.
With the rise in the marine industry and marine tourism, coral powder is increasingly used to make concrete for marine islands. This study proposes a three-parameter hydration model and a hydration kinetic model to predict the performance of coral powder concrete based on previous experimental data. The process of the proposed prediction model is as follows: 1. The input parameters of the three-parameter hydration model are calibrated for the first 7 days using the cumulative hydration heat per gram of cement. The maximum cumulative hydration heat (455.87 J/g cement) and the shape coefficient (−0.87) remain constant. In this study, the hydration rate coefficients for 0%, 10%, and 20% coral powder were 6.91, 6.19, and 5.55, respectively, showing decreases of 10.41% and 19.68% compared with the specimens without coral powder. 2. At 28 days, the cumulative heat release values per gram of cement for 0%, 10%, and 20% coral powder were 389.77, 395.69, and 401.62 J/g, showing increases of 1.52% and 3.04% for the specimens containing 10% and 20% coral powder, respectively. Meanwhile, the hydration degrees for 0%, 10%, and 20% coral powder were 0.855, 0.868, and 0.881, respectively, showing increases of 1.52% and 3.04%. Furthermore, the cumulative heat release values per gram of binder were 389.77, 356.12, and 321.29 J/g, showing decreases of 8.63% and 17.56% for specimens containing 10% and 20% coral powder, respectively. 3. Properties such as compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and surface electrical resistivity were evaluated using the power function and the cumulative hydration heat per gram of binder. 4. At 28 days, the chemically bound water contents for samples with 0%, 10%, and 20% coral powder were 0.2402, 0.2197, and 0.1981 g/g binder, respectively. Moreover, the calcium hydroxide contents were 0.1848, 0.1690, and 0.1524 g/g binder, showing reductions of 8.53% and 17.52% in bound water and 8.54% and 17.53% in calcium hydroxide. 5. A hydration kinetic model is proposed, which can distinguish between the dilution effect and the nucleation effect of coral powder, unlike the three-parameter model, which cannot distinguish between the two effects. Furthermore, the input parameters of the hydration kinetic model remain unchanged for different mixtures, while the input parameters of the three-parameter model must be varied among mixtures. Parameter analysis of the hydration kinetic model indicated that a low water–binder ratio and a high coral powder substitution rate significantly improve the relative reaction level of cement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development in Low-Carbon, High-Performance Concrete Technology)
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