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Cells
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Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging...
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Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 24278

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Doug Brooks

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group Leader, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: cancer biology; cell biology; immunochemistry; live cell imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alexandra Sorvina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, University of South Australia, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: cell biology; cancer biology; immunity; microscopy
Dr. Shane Hickey

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, City East Campus, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
Interests: medicinal chemistry; organic chemistry; luminescent probes; theranostic agents

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluorescence microscopy is an indispensable tool for cellular biologists to interrogate specific processes at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels. The past few decades have seen rapid advances in imaging techniques and an explosive rate in which these have become available (e.g., light-sheet microscopy, structured illumination microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy), resulting in more comprehensive characterisation of important cellular/subcellular structures, processes and pathways. However, biologists are still constrained by imaging agents that are available for the detection of molecular events, which include a range of commercially available organic and inorganic luminophores. Meanwhile, synthetic chemists are developing new luminescent complexes, which exhibit exquisite photophysical properties and are capable of highly specific sensing. However, the translation of these exciting novel platforms into useful biological reagents can only be achieved if the luminescent probes are compatible with cellular environments as well as the currently available microscopy technologies used by cell biologists.

This Special Issue of Cells aims to provide an overview of the cutting-edge imaging technologies that are being used to study immunity and cancer biology and to highlight the advances reported for the design and synthesis of fluorophores. We intend for the combination of original articles and focused reviews presented by experts in the fields of synthetic chemistry and cell biology to provide a useful resource for researchers investigating diverse cellular pathways and entice others to develop novel imaging tools with enhanced imaging outcomes for biological applications. We also anticipate that this Special Issue will encourage interactions between synthetic chemists and cell biologists, to improve the molecular design of imaging agents. We are looking forward to contributions from colleagues from both of the fields of chemistry and biology. Please do note that manuscripts with a strong emphasis in chemistry should nonetheless have some demonstration of application in cell biological contexts.

Prof. Doug Brooks
Dr. Alexandra Sorvina
Dr. Shane Hickey
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthetic chemistry
  • imaging agents
  • cellular/tissue imaging
  • cell biology

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 4884 KiB  
Article
Measuring the Metabolic Evolution of Glioblastoma throughout Tumor Development, Regression, and Recurrence with Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance
by Travis C. Salzillo, Vimbai Mawoneke, Joseph Weygand, Akaanksh Shetty, Joy Gumin, Niki M. Zacharias, Seth T. Gammon, David Piwnica-Worms, Gregory N. Fuller, Christopher J. Logothetis, Frederick F. Lang and Pratip K. Bhattacharya
Cells 2021, 10(10), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102621 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5403
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of aggressive diseases such as glioblastoma can improve patient survival by providing physicians the time to optimally deliver treatment. This research tested whether metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized MRI could detect changes in tumor progression faster than conventional anatomic [...] Read more.
Rapid diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of aggressive diseases such as glioblastoma can improve patient survival by providing physicians the time to optimally deliver treatment. This research tested whether metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized MRI could detect changes in tumor progression faster than conventional anatomic MRI in patient-derived glioblastoma murine models. To capture the dynamic nature of cancer metabolism, hyperpolarized MRI, NMR spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry were performed at several time-points during tumor development, regression, and recurrence. Hyperpolarized MRI detected significant changes of metabolism throughout tumor progression whereas conventional MRI was less sensitive. This was accompanied by aberrations in amino acid and phospholipid lipid metabolism and MCT1 expression. Hyperpolarized MRI can help address clinical challenges such as identifying malignant disease prior to aggressive growth, differentiating pseudoprogression from true progression, and predicting relapse. The individual evolution of these metabolic assays as well as their correlations with one another provides context for further academic research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies)
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15 pages, 38204 KiB  
Article
A Bimodal Fluorescence-Raman Probe for Cellular Imaging
by Jiarun Lin, Marcus E. Graziotto, Peter A. Lay and Elizabeth J. New
Cells 2021, 10(7), 1699; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10071699 - 5 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3918
Abstract
Biochemical changes in specific organelles underpin cellular function, and studying these changes is crucial to understand health and disease. Fluorescent probes have become important biosensing and imaging tools as they can be targeted to specific organelles and can detect changes in their chemical [...] Read more.
Biochemical changes in specific organelles underpin cellular function, and studying these changes is crucial to understand health and disease. Fluorescent probes have become important biosensing and imaging tools as they can be targeted to specific organelles and can detect changes in their chemical environment. However, the sensing capacity of fluorescent probes is highly specific and is often limited to a single analyte of interest. A novel approach to imaging organelles is to combine fluorescent sensors with vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques; the latter provides a comprehensive map of the relative biochemical distributions throughout the cell to gain a more complete picture of the biochemistry of organelles. We have developed NpCN1, a bimodal fluorescence-Raman probe targeted to the lipid droplets, incorporating a nitrile as a Raman tag. NpCN1 was successfully used to image lipid droplets in 3T3-L1 cells in both fluorescence and Raman modalities, reporting on the chemical composition and distribution of the lipid droplets in the cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies)
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10 pages, 1731 KiB  
Article
Direct Amidation to Access 3-Amido-1,8-Naphthalimides Including Fluorescent Scriptaid Analogues as HDAC Inhibitors
by Kyle N. Hearn, Trent D. Ashton, Rameshwor Acharya, Zikai Feng, Nuri Gueven and Frederick M. Pfeffer
Cells 2021, 10(6), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10061505 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
Methodology to access fluorescent 3-amido-1,8-naphthalimides using direct Buchwald–Hartwig amidation is described. The protocol was successfully used to couple a number of substrates (including an alkylamide, an arylamide, a lactam and a carbamate) to 3-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide in good yield. To further exemplify the approach, a [...] Read more.
Methodology to access fluorescent 3-amido-1,8-naphthalimides using direct Buchwald–Hartwig amidation is described. The protocol was successfully used to couple a number of substrates (including an alkylamide, an arylamide, a lactam and a carbamate) to 3-bromo-1,8-naphthalimide in good yield. To further exemplify the approach, a set of scriptaid analogues with amide substituents at the 3-position were prepared. The new compounds were more potent than scriptaid at a number of histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoforms including HDAC6. Activity was further confirmed in a whole cell tubulin deacetylation assay where the inhibitors were more active than the established HDAC6 selective inhibitor Tubastatin. The optical properties of these new, highly active, compounds make them amenable to cellular imaging studies and theranostic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies)
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17 pages, 3636 KiB  
Article
DVDeconv: An Open-Source MATLAB Toolbox for Depth-Variant Asymmetric Deconvolution of Fluorescence Micrographs
by Boyoung Kim
Cells 2021, 10(2), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10020397 - 15 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
To investigate the cellular structure, biomedical researchers often obtain three-dimensional images by combining two-dimensional images taken along the z axis. However, these images are blurry in all directions due to diffraction limitations. This blur becomes more severe when focusing further inside the specimen [...] Read more.
To investigate the cellular structure, biomedical researchers often obtain three-dimensional images by combining two-dimensional images taken along the z axis. However, these images are blurry in all directions due to diffraction limitations. This blur becomes more severe when focusing further inside the specimen as photons in deeper focus must traverse a longer distance within the specimen. This type of blur is called depth-variance. Moreover, due to lens imperfection, the blur has asymmetric shape. Most deconvolution solutions for removing blur assume depth-invariant or x-y symmetric blur, and presently, there is no open-source for depth-variant asymmetric deconvolution. In addition, existing datasets for deconvolution microscopy also assume invariant or x-y symmetric blur, which are insufficient to reflect actual imaging conditions. DVDeconv, that is a set of MATLAB functions with a user-friendly graphical interface, has been developed to address depth-variant asymmetric blur. DVDeconv includes dataset, depth-variant asymmetric point spread function generator, and deconvolution algorithms. Experimental results using DVDeconv reveal that depth-variant asymmetric deconvolution using DVDeconv removes blurs accurately. Furthermore, the dataset in DVDeconv constructed can be used to evaluate the performance of microscopy deconvolution to be developed in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies)
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Review

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32 pages, 5379 KiB  
Review
Fluorescence Microscopy—An Outline of Hardware, Biological Handling, and Fluorophore Considerations
by Shane M. Hickey, Ben Ung, Christie Bader, Robert Brooks, Joanna Lazniewska, Ian R. D. Johnson, Alexandra Sorvina, Jessica Logan, Carmela Martini, Courtney R. Moore, Litsa Karageorgos, Martin J. Sweetman and Douglas A. Brooks
Cells 2022, 11(1), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11010035 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 8942
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy [...] Read more.
Fluorescence microscopy has become a critical tool for researchers to understand biological processes at the cellular level. Micrographs from fixed and live-cell imaging procedures feature in a plethora of scientific articles for the field of cell biology, but the complexities of fluorescence microscopy as an imaging tool can sometimes be overlooked or misunderstood. This review seeks to cover the three fundamental considerations when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments: (1) hardware availability; (2) amenability of biological models to fluorescence microscopy; and (3) suitability of imaging agents for intended applications. This review will help equip the reader to make judicious decisions when designing fluorescence microscopy experiments that deliver high-resolution and informative images for cell biology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Where Chemistry and Biology Meet to Develop New Cellular Imaging Technologies)
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