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Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2017) | Viewed by 38785

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Prof. Dr. Arvind Agarwal

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Guest Editor

Nanomechanics and Nanotribology Laboratory, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA
Interests: thermal spray; ultrahigh temperature ceramics; nanotube composites; nanoindentation; spark plasma sintering
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Prof. Dr. Kantesh Balani

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Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
Interests: ultrahigh temperature materials; biomaterials; energy materials; ab-initio modeling

Dr. Cheng Zhang

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: ultra high temperature ceramics; plasma spray; spark plasma sintering (SPS)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue on “Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites.” Extremely high melting points and outstanding mechanical and thermal properties allow Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) to be used as potential materials for use in the next generation of space transportation vehicles. The synthesizing methods, consolidation techniques as monoliths and coatings, oxidation behavior, and reusability of UHTCs require a thorough understanding and extensive studies. With the advances in sintering and in-situ characterization techniques, there is a renewed interest in studying UHTCs as composites and coatings. Oxidation behavior of UHTCs has largely been studied using isothermal furnace conditions; although these materials are supposed to be exposed to a much more aggressive dynamic gaseous environment. The modeling of the dynamic oxidation behavior of UHTCs has not been extensively studied. Hence, the topics of this Special Issues on UHTC coatings and composites include, but are not limited to:

•   New UHTCs materials systems (carbides, nitrides, diborides systems and their solid solutions or composites and coatings);
•   UHTC Synthesis techniques (powder, sintering and coating);
•   Advanced Characterization techniques (including in situ characterization);
•   Oxidation mechanisms at the extreme conditions including isothermal and dynamic conditions;
•   Computational and modeling studies on UHTCs.

Prof. Dr. Arvind Agarwal
Prof. Dr. Kantesh Balani
Dr. Cheng Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

5708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermal Analysis of Tantalum Carbide-Hafnium Carbide Solid Solutions from Room Temperature to 1400 °C

by Cheng Zhang, Archana Loganathan, Benjamin Boesl and Arvind Agarwal

Coatings 2017, 7(8), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7080111 - 28 Jul 2017

Cited by 33 | Viewed by 9331

Abstract

The thermogravimetric analysis on TaC, HfC, and their solid solutions has been carried out in air up to 1400 °C. Three solid solution compositions have been chosen: 80TaC-20 vol % HfC (T80H20), 50TaC-50 vol % HfC (T50H50), and 20TaC-80 vol % HfC (T20H80), in addition to pure TaC and HfC. Solid solutions exhibit better oxidation resistance than the pure carbides. The onset of oxidation is delayed in solid solutions from 750 °C for pure TaC, to 940 °C for the T50H50 sample. Moreover, T50H50 samples display the highest resistance to oxidation with the retention of the initial carbides. The oxide scale formed on the T50H50 sample displays mechanical integrity to prevent the oxidation of the underlying carbide solid solution. The improved oxidation resistance of the solid solution is attributed to the reaction between Ta₂O₅ and HfC, which stabilizes the volume changes induced by the formation of Ta₂O₅ and diminishes the generation of gaseous products. Also, the formation of solid solutions disturbs the atomic arrangement inside the lattice, which delays the reaction between Ta and O. Both of these mechanisms lead to the improved oxidation resistances of TaC-HfC solid solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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4259 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phase and Microstructural Correlation of Spark Plasma Sintered HfB₂-ZrB₂ Based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Composites

by Ambreen Nisar and Kantesh Balani

Coatings 2017, 7(8), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7080110 - 26 Jul 2017

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 6874

Abstract

The refractory diborides (HfB₂ and ZrB₂) are considered as promising ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTCs) where low damage tolerance limits their application for the thermal protection system in re-entry vehicles. In this regard, SiC and CNT have been synergistically added as the sintering aids and toughening agents in the spark plasma sintered (SPS) HfB₂-ZrB₂ system. Herein, a novel equimolar composition of HfB₂ and ZrB₂ has shown to form a solid-solution which then allows compositional tailoring of mechanical properties (such as hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness). The hardness of the processed composite is higher than the individual phase hardness up to 1.5 times, insinuating the synergy of SiC and CNT reinforcement in HfB₂-ZrB₂ composites. The enhanced fracture toughness of CNT reinforced composite (up to a 196% increment) surpassing that of the parent materials (ZrB₂/HfB₂-SiC) is attributed to the synergy of solid solution formation and enhanced densification (~99.5%). In addition, the reduction in the analytically quantified interfacial residual tensile stress with SiC and CNT reinforcements contribute to the enhancement in the fracture toughness of HfB₂-ZrB₂-SiC-CNT composites, mandatory for aerospace applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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6150 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Vapor Deposition of TaC/SiC on Graphite Tube and Its Ablation and Microstructure Studies

by Suresh Kumar, Samar Mondal, Anil Kumar, Ashok Ranjan and Namburi Eswara Prasad

Coatings 2017, 7(7), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070101 - 13 Jul 2017

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7356

Abstract

Tantalum carbide (TaC) and silicon carbide (SiC) layers were deposited on a graphite tube using a chemical vapor deposition process. Tantalum chloride (TaCl₅) was synthesized in situ by reacting tantalum chips with chlorine at 550 °C. TaC was deposited by reacting TaCl₅ with CH₄ in the presence of H₂ at 1050–1150 °C and 50–100 mbar. SiC was deposited at 1000 °C using methyl-tri-chloro-silane as a precursor at 50 mbar. At 1150 °C; the coating thickness was found to be about 600 μm, while at 1050 °C it was about 400 μm for the cumulative deposition time of 10 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray Photo-Electron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies confirmed the deposition of TaC and SiC and their phases. Ablation studies of the coated specimens were carried out under oxyacetylene flame up to 120 s. The coating was found to be intact without surface cracks and with negligible erosion. The oxide phase of TaC (TaO₂ and Ta₂O₅) and the oxide phase of SiC (SiO₂) were also found on the surface, which may have protected the substrate underneath from further oxidation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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5844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Si₃N₄ Addition on Oxidation Resistance of ZrB₂-SiC Composites

by Manab Mallik, Kalyan Kumar Ray and Rahul Mitra

Coatings 2017, 7(7), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070092 - 30 Jun 2017

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4694

Abstract

The oxidation behavior of ZrB₂-20 vol % SiC and ZrB₂-20 vol % SiC-5 vol % Si₃N₄ composites prepared by hot-pressing and subjected to isothermal exposure at 1200 or 1300 °C for durations of 24 or 100 h in air, as well as cyclic exposure at 1300 °C for 24 h, have been investigated. The oxidation resistance of the ZrB₂-20 vol % SiC composite has been found to improve by around 20%–25% with addition of 5 vol % Si₃N₄ during isothermal or cyclic exposures at 1200 or 1300 °C. This improvement in oxidation resistance has been attributed to the formation of higher amounts of SiO₂ and Si₂N₂O, as well as a greater amount of continuity in the oxide scale, because these phases assist in closing the pores and lower the severity of cracking by exhibiting self-healing type behavior. For both the composites, the mass changes are found to be higher during cyclic exposure at 1300 °C by about 2 times compared to that under isothermal conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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5916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Oxidation Behavior and Mechanism of Al₄SiC₄ in MgO-C-Al₄SiC₄ System

by Huabai Yao, Xinming Xing, Enhui Wang, Bin Li, Junhong Chen, Jialin Sun and Xinmei Hou

Coatings 2017, 7(7), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7070085 - 23 Jun 2017

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4704

Abstract

Al₄SiC₄ powder with high purity was synthesized using the powder mixture of aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) at 1800 °C in argon. Their oxidation behavior and mechanism in a MgO-C-Al₄SiC₄ system was investigated at 1400–1600 °C. XRD, SEM, and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were adopted to analyze the microstructure and phase evolution. The results showed that the composition of oxidation products was closely related to the atom diffusion velocity and the compound oxide layer was generated on Al₄SiC₄ surface. In addition, the effect of different CO partial pressure on the oxidation of Al₄SiC₄ crystals was also studied by thermodynamic calculation. This work proves the great potential of Al₄SiC₄ in improving the MgO-C materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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5497 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Combustion Synthesis of UHTC Composites from Ti–B₄C Solid State Reaction with Addition of VIb Transition Metals

by Chun-Liang Yeh and Wei-Zuo Lin

Coatings 2017, 7(6), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings7060073 - 1 Jun 2017

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5089

Abstract

UHTC composites were prepared by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) from the Ti–B₄C reaction system with addition of Cr, Mo, and W. The starting sample composition was formulated as (3−x)Ti + B₄C + xMe with x = 0.1–1.0 and Me = Cr, Mo, or W. For all samples conducted in this study, self-sustaining combustion was well established and propagated with a distinct reaction front. With no addition of Cr, Mo, or W, solid state combustion of the 3Ti + B₄C sample featuring a combustion front temperature (T_c) of 1766 °C and a combustion wave velocity (V_f) of 16.5 mm/s was highly exothermic and produced an in situ composite of 2TiB₂ + TiC. When Cr, Mo, or W was adopted to replace a portion of Ti, the reaction exothermicity was lowered, and hence, a significant decrease in T_c (from 1720 to 1390 °C) and V_f (from 16.1 to 3.9 mm/s) was observed. With addition of Cr, Mo, and W, the final products were CrB-, MoB-, and WB-added TiB₂–TiC composites. The absence of CrB₂, MoB₂, and WB₂ was attributed partly to the loss of boron from thermal decomposition of B₄C and partly to lack of sufficient reaction time inherent to the SHS process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic Coatings and Composites)

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