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Recent Advances in Friction Stir Processed Coatings

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A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2021) | Viewed by 18493

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Chi Tat Kwok

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Guest Editor

Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China
Interests: corrosion; cavitation erosion and wear of materials; surface engineering; laser surface modification; friction surfacing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, a novel surface modifying technique, friction stir processing (FSP), has been developed for microstructural modification and fabrication of surface coatings of metallic materials based on the basic principles of friction stir welding. The conventional surface modification techniques including high-energy laser/electron beam surface treatment and thermal spraying are generally based on liquid phase processing at high temperatures. In the case of fabricating the surface composites, it is very difficult to avoid the interfacial reaction between reinforcement and metal matrix and formation of some detrimental phases. On the other hand, FSP is a solid-state surface modification process, which causes severe plastic deformation, mixing of material and lower temperature exposure, leading to significant microstructural refinement, densification, and homogeneity of the processed layer. Difficulties encountered in the fusion route of surface modification like cracks, porosity, segregation and grain growth can be overcome by FSP. This Special Issue is dedicated to highlighting the recent advances and innovations in "New Coating Materials", "Processing Conditions" and "Applications" for FSP. The goal of this Special Issue is to collect original research articles, as well as critical reviews and perspectives from academics and industry.

Prof. Dr. Chi Tat Kwok
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

Novel coating materials
composite coatings
nanostructured coatings
corrosion resistant coatings
wear resistant coatings
characterization and applications of FSPed coatings
mechanisms responsible for the formation of FSPed region and microstructural refinement
effects of FSP processing conditions on resultant microstructure and final mechanical properties

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 4387 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Structure Investigation of Titanium Metallization Coating Deposited onto AlN Ceramics Substrate by Means of Friction Surfacing Process

by Tomasz Chmielewski, Michał Hudycz, Arkadiusz Krajewski, Tadeusz Sałaciński, Beata Skowrońska and Rafał Świercz

Coatings 2019, 9(12), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120845 - 10 Dec 2019

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3297

Abstract

The article presents selected properties of a titanium metallization coating deposited on aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics surface by means of the friction surfacing method. Its mechanism is based on the formation of a joint between the surface of an AlN ceramics substrate and a thin Ti coating, involving a kinetic energy of friction, which is directly converted into heat and delivered in a precisely defined quantity to the resulting joint. The largest effects on the final properties of the obtained coating include the high affinity of titanium for oxygen and nitrogen and a relatively high temperature for the deposition process. The titanium metallization coating was characterized in terms of surface stereometric structure, thickness, surface morphology, metallographic microstructural properties, and phase structure. The titanium coating has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 μm. The phase structure of the coating surface (XPS investigated) is dominated by TiN_xO_y with the presence of TiO_x, TiN, metallic Ti, and AlN. The phase structure deeper below the surface (XRD investigated) is dominated by metallic Ti with additional AlN particles originating from the ceramic substrate due to friction by titanium tools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Friction Stir Processed Coatings)

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17 pages, 25332 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Optimization of Friction Stir Process Parameters for Enhancement in Surface Properties of Al 7075-SiC/Gr Hybrid Surface Composites

by Namdev Ashok Patil, Srinivasa Rao Pedapati, Othman Bin Mamat and Abdul Munir Hidayat Syah Lubis

Coatings 2019, 9(12), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120830 - 06 Dec 2019

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3580

Abstract

Friction stir processing (FSP) has evolved as an important technique in fabrication of metal matrix composites. The surface properties enhancement is obtainable by insertion of desired discontinuous particular reinforcements into base alloy using FSP. Despite having high specific strength, more applications of Al alloys are restricted due to their poor surface properties under various loading conditions. In this study, the main focus is on enhancing the microhardness and wear properties of Al 7075 base alloy by means of uniform dispersion of silicon carbide and graphite (SiC/Gr) nano particles into the base alloy using the FSP technique. The tool rotational speed (w: 500, 1000, 1500 rpm), tool traverse speed (v: 20, 30, 40 mm/min), reinforcement particles hybrid ratio (HR: 60:40, 75:25, 90:10) and volume percentage (vol%: 4%, 8%, 12%) are used as independent parameters. The effect of these parameters on microstructure, micro hardness and wear properties of surface composites are studied in detail. For desired wear rate and microhardness as responses, the aforementioned independent parameters are optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The significance of factors and their interactions for maximizing hardness and minimizing wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF) were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for responses has been carried out, and the models were found to be significant in all three responses. The minimum wear rate of 0.01194 mg/m was obtained for parameters w 1500 rpm, v 40 mm/min, HR 60:40, vol% 4 (Run 10). The maximum micro hardness of 300 HV obtained for parameters w 1000 rpm, v 30 mm/min, HR 75:25, vol% 12 (Run 14). The presence and uniform distribution of SiC and Gr into the base alloy was confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and mapping tests. The wear rate and COF decreased significantly due to graphitized mechanically mixed layer developed at the sliding contacts. The microhardness of resultant composites observed to be dependent on effect of the independent parameters on extent of inherent precipitates dissolution and grain size strengthening in the resultant materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Friction Stir Processed Coatings)

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20 pages, 10290 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect of Multiple-Pass Friction Stir Processing on Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel

by Linlin Pan, Chi Tat Kwok and Kin Ho Lo

Coatings 2019, 9(10), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100620 - 27 Sep 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2539

Abstract

In the present study, the influence of multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel on the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion behavior was investigated. Similar to single-pass FSPed 420, the multi-pass FSPed specimens with different overlapping ratios incurred microstructural change at the center and retreating side of the second track with martensite, retained austenite, and chromium carbides. Overlapping of the two successive tracks in the multi-pass FSPed 420 led to back-tempering and a local drop in hardness at the advancing side of the second track. The precipitation of chromium carbides in the tempered regions of the multi-pass FSPed specimens became the active sites for preferential corrosion attack in the 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Friction Stir Processed Coatings)

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Review

Jump to: Research

14 pages, 1850 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Status and Prospect of Friction Stir Processing Technology

by Kan Li, Xuemei Liu and Yi Zhao

Coatings 2019, 9(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9020129 - 19 Feb 2019

Cited by 63 | Viewed by 8077

Abstract

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel solid-phase processing technique that is derived from friction stir welding (FSW). The microstructure of the base metal can be modified with the friction heat and stir function during processing. It can be used to fabricate surface composites and in situ composites by adding reinforced particles into the metal matrix via FSP. Friction stir processing can significantly improve the hardness, wear resistance, ductility, etc., while preventing defects caused by material melting. It is an ideal material processing technology and has good prospects in the field of superplastic materials and for the preparation of metal matrix composites. This paper reviews research developments into the principle, process, and applications of FSP technology as well as its future research directions and development prospects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Friction Stir Processed Coatings)

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