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Diagnostics
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Hematology: Diagnosis and Management
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Hematology: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Laboratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 7673

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eloisa Urrechaga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Haematology Laboratory, Hospital Galdakao—Usansolo, 48960 Galdakao, Vizcaya, Spain
Interests: medicine laboratory; clinical analysis technology; robotics in hematology; iron and anemia; erythropoiesis; glycohemoglobin; infection Inflammation; health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hematology is a complex field which involves the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have disorders of the blood and bone marrow. Topics in hematology include anemia, anticoagulation, bleeding and transfusion, hematologic cancers, etc., which are crucial to the delivery of high-quality patient management and care.

Hematologists are both clinicians and laboratory specialists. While a large amount of them  spend time providing direct clinical care to patients, diagnostic work in the laboratory is also a significant part of their workload.

Hematology has experienced great advances in recent years due to improved knowledge surrounding the molecular basis of diseases, blood cell biology, and the diagnosis of blood diseases, and new treatments have entered clinical practice, consequently improving therapeutic tools.

This Special Issue aims to contribute a revision of the promising advances in the diagnosis and management of hematological diseases.

Dr. Eloisa Urrechaga
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anemia
  • hematology laboratory
  • leukemia
  • lymphoma
  • myeloma
  • patient blood management
  • thrombosis

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 897 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Thrombocytopenia in Severe Burn Injuries
by Eliza-Maria Bordeanu-Diaconescu, Andreea Grosu-Bularda, Adrian Frunza, Sabina Grama, Mihaela-Cristina Andrei, Tiberiu-Paul Neagu, Ioan Lascar and Cristian-Sorin Hariga
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060582 - 09 Mar 2024
Viewed by 622
Abstract
Background and objectives: Burn injuries are the most severe type of trauma, with complex biological consequences associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management of burn-related complications are imperative for improving the vital and functional prognosis of the patient. [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Burn injuries are the most severe type of trauma, with complex biological consequences associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management of burn-related complications are imperative for improving the vital and functional prognosis of the patient. Changes in biological parameters can be essential determinants in the prognosis of the burned patient. Thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients is linked to an elevated risk of mortality. We sought to investigate the significance of thrombocytopenia in severely burned patients while considering the limited available data in the literature. Materials and methods: A two-year retrospective study was conducted on 90 patients with severe burns admitted to our Burn Centre. Demographic data, burn lesion characteristics, and daily total blood counts, including platelet assessment, complications, and mortality, were recorded and analyzed. Results: Patients with extensive burns in our study had a poor prognosis based on their Abbreviated Burn Severity Index score (ABSI), age, percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burned, presence of third-degree burns, and inhalation injuries. Regardless of the moment, patients with thrombocytopenia in our study died significantly more frequently. Compared with the survivors, the platelet count was significantly lower at any given time in the non-survivors group. Significant statistical associations between thrombocytopenia and ABSI score, burn surface area, presence of third-degree burns, and inhalation injuries were identified at different timeframes post-burn injury. Sepsis was encountered in one-third of the patients. Thrombocytopenia was more frequent in patients with sepsis who did not survive compared to survivors and did not normalize until the time of death. Conclusions: Thrombocytopenia represents an early indicator of severe complications and outcome predictor in severely burned patients. It is correlated with recognized negative prognostic factors and also with sepsis occurrence. Future research efforts should focus on refining early detection parameters and interventions to improve the prognosis of burn patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematology: Diagnosis and Management)
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9 pages, 1120 KiB  
Article
Rapid Detection of Plasmodium vivax by the Hematology Analyzer for Population Screening
by Shanaz Khodaiji, Kunal Sehgal, Monisha Sethi and Dia Mansukhani
Diagnostics 2023, 13(22), 3397; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13223397 - 07 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1919
Abstract
In India, where malaria is endemic, the prompt and accurate detection of infections is crucial for disease management and vector control. Our study aimed to evaluate the “iRBC” flag, a novel parameter developed for routine hematology analyzers, for its sensitivity and specificity in [...] Read more.
In India, where malaria is endemic, the prompt and accurate detection of infections is crucial for disease management and vector control. Our study aimed to evaluate the “iRBC” flag, a novel parameter developed for routine hematology analyzers, for its sensitivity and specificity in detecting Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) infections. We used residual blood samples from patients with suspected malaria and compared the iRBC flag results with microscopy, which serves as the gold standard. Additionally, we compared the results with rapid immuno-chromatographic tests (RDTs) commonly used in the field. Our study included 575 samples, of which 187 were positive for P. vivax. The iRBC flag demonstrated a high sensitivity of 88.7% and 86.1% on the XN and XN-L hematology analyzers, respectively, and a clinical specificity of 100% on both analyzers. Furthermore, the scattergram derived from each positive dataset exhibited distinct patterns, which facilitated rapid confirmation by laboratory specialists. Notably, the iRBC flag remained effective even in the presence of interfering conditions. Overall, our results indicate that the iRBC flag is a reliable and rapid screening tool for identifying P. vivax in routine blood testing. Our findings have significant implications for malaria detection and control in endemic regions like India. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematology: Diagnosis and Management)
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11 pages, 1216 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Platelet Alloimmunization by Filtration Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
by Tzong-Shi Chiueh, Hsin-Yao Wang, Min-Hsien Wu, Yu-Shan Hsueh and Hui-Chu Chen
Diagnostics 2023, 13(10), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13101704 - 11 May 2023
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
The current methods for detecting antiplatelet antibodies are mostly manual and labor-intensive. A convenient and rapid detection method is required for effectively detecting alloimmunization during platelet transfusion. In our study, to detect antiplatelet antibodies, positive and negative sera of random-donor antiplatelet antibodies were [...] Read more.
The current methods for detecting antiplatelet antibodies are mostly manual and labor-intensive. A convenient and rapid detection method is required for effectively detecting alloimmunization during platelet transfusion. In our study, to detect antiplatelet antibodies, positive and negative sera of random-donor antiplatelet antibodies were collected after completing a routine solid-phase red cell adherence test (SPRCA). Platelet concentrates from our random volunteer donors were also prepared using the ZZAP method and then used in a faster, significantly less labor-intensive process, a filtration enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (fELISA), for detecting antibodies against platelet surface antigens. All fELISA chromogen intensities were processed using ImageJ software. By dividing the final chromogen intensity of each test serum with the background chromogen intensity of whole platelets, the reactivity ratios of fELISA can be used to differentiate positive SPRCA sera from negative sera. A sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 93.3% were obtained for 50 μL of sera using fELISA. The area under the ROC curve reached 0.96 when comparing fELISA with the SPRCA test. We have successfully developed a rapid fELISA method for detecting antiplatelet antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematology: Diagnosis and Management)
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15 pages, 1701 KiB  
Article
Performance Comparison of Procalcitonin, Delta Neutrophil Index, C-Reactive Protein, and Serum Amyloid A Levels in Patients with Hematologic Diseases
by Jooyoung Cho, Jong-Han Lee, Dong Hyun Lee, Juwon Kim and Young Uh
Diagnostics 2023, 13(7), 1213; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13071213 - 23 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1375
Abstract
(1) Background: We compared the diagnostic and prognostic performance of serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), delta neutrophil index (DNI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with hematologic diseases; (2) Methods: We retrospectively collected the remaining serum samples from patients with hematologic diseases, [...] Read more.
(1) Background: We compared the diagnostic and prognostic performance of serum amyloid A (SAA), procalcitonin (PCT), delta neutrophil index (DNI), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with hematologic diseases; (2) Methods: We retrospectively collected the remaining serum samples from patients with hematologic diseases, analyzed their clinical data, and measured the levels of PCT, DNI, CRP, and SAA. Performances for infection diagnosis were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and 90-day mortality was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimation; (3) Results: The levels of all markers were significantly higher in the infected group (N = 27) than those in the uninfected group (N = 100) (p < 0.0001 for all markers). The areas under the curve for diagnosing infection for PCT, DNI, CRP, and SAA were 0.770, 0.817, 0.870, and 0.904, respectively. Increased PCT levels were associated with higher mortality (p = 0.0250); this association was not observed with other examined markers; (4) Conclusions: CRP and SAA exhibited greater discriminative power for infection than PCT. However, only PCT levels were positively associated with 90-day mortality. Herein, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of the four markers. Additional studies are needed to confirm the findings of the present study and validate the potential of these markers in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematology: Diagnosis and Management)
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11 pages, 957 KiB  
Article
Five Years’ Experience with Gene Panel Sequencing in Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia Screened by Routine Peripheral Blood Smear Examination
by Namsu Kim, Tae Yun Kim, Ji Yoon Han and Joonhong Park
Diagnostics 2023, 13(4), 770; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13040770 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Background: Hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) is defined as a group of heterogeneous and rare diseases caused by defects of red blood cell (RBC) metabolism and RBC membrane, which leads to lysis or premature clearance. The aim of this study was to investigate individuals [...] Read more.
Background: Hereditary hemolytic anemia (HHA) is defined as a group of heterogeneous and rare diseases caused by defects of red blood cell (RBC) metabolism and RBC membrane, which leads to lysis or premature clearance. The aim of this study was to investigate individuals with HHA for potential disease-causing variants in 33 genes reported to be associated with HHA. Methods: A total of 14 independent individuals or families diagnosed with suspected HHA, and in particular, RBC membranopathy, RBC enzymopathy, and hemoglobinopathy, were collected after routine peripheral blood smear testing. A custom designed panel, including the 33 genes, was performed using gene panel sequencing on the Ion Torrent PGM™ Dx System. The best candidate disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Several variants of the HHA-associated genes were detected in 10 out of 14 suspected HHA individuals. After excluding those variants predicted to be benign, 10 pathogenic variants and 1 variant of uncertain significance (VUS) were confirmed in 10 individuals with suspected HHA. Of these variants, the p.Trp704Ter nonsense variant of EPB41 and missense p.Gly151Asp variant of SPTA1 were identified in two out of four hereditary elliptocytoses. The frameshift p.Leu884GlyfsTer27 variant of ANK1, nonsense p.Trp652Ter variant of the SPTB, and missense p.Arg490Trp variant of PKLR were detected in all four hereditary spherocytosis cases. Missense p.Glu27Lys, nonsense p.Lys18Ter variants, and splicing errors such as c.92 + 1G > T and c.315 + 1G > A within HBB were identified in four beta thalassemia cases. Conclusions: This study provides a snapshot of the genetic alterations in a cohort of Korean HHA individuals and demonstrates the clinical utility of using gene panels in HHA. Genetic results can provide precise clinical diagnosis and guidance regarding medical treatment and management for some individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematology: Diagnosis and Management)
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