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Diagnostics
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Lateral Flow Immunoassays
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Lateral Flow Immunoassays

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 22487

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. María Carmen Blanco-López

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
Interests: extracellular vesicles; biosensors and bioanalytics; nanomaterial sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lateral flow immunoassays are well known in their use as a platform for pregnancy tests. However, they have a wide scope of applications in medicine, toxicology, and pathogen detection. Lateral flow immunoassays are able to meet the actual demands on analytical systems in being decentralized, user-friendly, and low cost. Biomedical uses include the diagnostics and prognostics of several diseases, such as infections, tumors, cardiology, or neurological-related disorders and allergies. They also attract great interest in food science or environmental control for the detection of pathogens through toxins or their DNA.

In order to reach new fields of applications, some of the actual limitations include the need to couple quantification systems while maintaining the portability and simplicity of the test, and the need for amplification when conducting nucleic acid-based detection. Mobile phone applications using the optical density of test lines are already in the market, but for many uses, lower limits of detection are required. It is expected that nanomaterials with novel physicochemical properties will soon lead to the development of original solutions to overcome those obstacles.

This Special Issue aims to gather representative research papers and reviews on the progress of lateral flow immunoassays towards empowering citizens with the analysis control.

Dr. María Carmen Blanco-López
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lateral flow immunoassays
  • nanoparticles
  • amplification systems
  • biomarkers
  • allergens
  • pathogens
  • toxins
  • immunochromatographic tests

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2346 KiB  
Article
Latticed Gold Nanoparticle Conjugation via Monomeric Streptavidin in Lateral Flow Assay for Detection of Autoantibody to Interferon-Gamma
by Weeraya Thongkum, Umpa Yasamut, Koollawat Chupradit, Supachai Sakkhachornphop, Jiraprapa Wipasa, Kanokporn Sornsuwan, On-anong Juntit, Rawiwan Pornprasit, Wanwisa Thongkamwitoon, Jirapan Chaichanan, Jaruwan Khaoplab, Chonnikarn Chanpradab, Watchara Kasinrerk and Chatchai Tayapiwatana
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060987 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3189
Abstract
Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome (AOID) patients with autoantibodies (autoAbs) against interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generally suffer from recurrent and recalcitrant disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Since the early stages of AOID do not present specific symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the condition are not practical. A simplified [...] Read more.
Adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome (AOID) patients with autoantibodies (autoAbs) against interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) generally suffer from recurrent and recalcitrant disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Since the early stages of AOID do not present specific symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the condition are not practical. A simplified diagnostic method for differentiating AOID from other immunodeficiencies, such as HIV infection, was created. Anti-IFN-γ is generally identified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which involves an instrument and a cumbersome process. Recombinant IFN-γ indirectly conjugated to colloidal gold was used in the modified immunochromatographic (IC) strips. The biotinylated-IFN-γ was incorporated with colloidal-gold-labeled 6HIS-maltose binding protein-monomeric streptavidin (6HISMBP-mSA) and absorbed at the conjugate pad. The efficacy of the IC strip upon applying an anti-IFN-γ autoAb cut-off ELISA titer of 2500, the sensitivity and specificity were 84% and 90.24%, respectively. When a cut-off ELISA titer of 500 was applied, the sensitivity and specificity were 73.52% and 100%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lateral Flow Immunoassays)
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16 pages, 3251 KiB  
Article
Development of a Prototype Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Staphylococcal Protein A in Positive Blood Culture Samples
by Arpasiri Srisrattakarn, Patcharaporn Tippayawat, Aroonwadee Chanawong, Ratree Tavichakorntrakool, Jureerut Daduang, Lumyai Wonglakorn and Aroonlug Lulitanond
Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100794 - 07 Oct 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4602
Abstract
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens found in BSI. The conventional workflow is time consuming. Therefore, we developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection of [...] Read more.
Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a major cause of mortality in hospitalized patients worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens found in BSI. The conventional workflow is time consuming. Therefore, we developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for rapid detection of S. aureus-protein A in positive blood culture samples. A total of 90 clinical isolates including 58 S. aureus and 32 non-S. aureus were spiked in simulated blood samples. The antigens were extracted by a simple boiling method and diluted before being tested using the developed LFIA strips. The results were readable by naked eye within 15 min. The sensitivity of the developed LFIA was 87.9% (51/58) and the specificity was 93.8% (30/32). When bacterial colonies were used in the test, the LFIA provided higher sensitivity and specificity (94.8% and 100%, respectively). The detection limit of the LFIA was 107 CFU/mL. Initial evaluation of the LFIA in 20 positive blood culture bottles from hospitals showed 95% agreement with the routine methods. The LFIA is a rapid, simple and highly sensitive method. No sophisticated equipment is required. It has potential for routine detection particularly in low resource settings, contributing an early diagnosis that facilitates effective treatment and reduces disease progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lateral Flow Immunoassays)
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10 pages, 2394 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Strongyloides Recombinant IgG Immunoreactive Antigen in Detecting IgG and IgG4 Subclass Antibodies for Diagnosis of Human Strongyloidiasis Using Rapid Immunochromatographic Tests
by Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Oranuch Sanpool, Rutchanee Rodpai, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Weeraya Phupiewkham, Pewpan M. Intapan and Wanchai Maleewong
Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090615 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4077
Abstract
Human strongyloidiasis is an important soil-transmitted helminthiasis that affects millions worldwide and can develop into fatal systemic strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients. We have developed two new rapid and simple-to-use immunochromatographic test (ICT) kits for rapid serodiagnosis that support stool examination for clinical diagnosis. [...] Read more.
Human strongyloidiasis is an important soil-transmitted helminthiasis that affects millions worldwide and can develop into fatal systemic strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients. We have developed two new rapid and simple-to-use immunochromatographic test (ICT) kits for rapid serodiagnosis that support stool examination for clinical diagnosis. Strongyloides stercoralis recombinant IgG immunoreactive antigen (GenBank: AAB97359.1; rSsIR-based ICT kit) was used for detection of IgG and IgG4 antibodies. The diagnostic efficacy of both kits was evaluated using human serum samples from strongyloidiasis patients, healthy individuals, and those with other parasitosis. At a prevalence of infection of 36.4%, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the rSsIR-based IgG ICT kit were 91.7%, 83.8%, 76.4%, 94.6%, and 86.7%, respectively, and those of the rSsIR-based IgG4 ICT kit were 78.3%, 84.8%, 74.6%, 87.3%, and 82.4% respectively. The concordance between the two kits was 89.7%. The recombinant antigen can be produced to an unlimited extent and the kits can be used as point-of-care diagnostic tools and in large-scale surveys in endemic areas throughout tropical regions without necessitating additional facilities or ancillary supplies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lateral Flow Immunoassays)
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Review

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22 pages, 3208 KiB  
Review
Magnetic Lateral Flow Immunoassays
by Amanda Moyano, Esther Serrano-Pertierra, María Salvador, José Carlos Martínez-García, Montserrat Rivas and M. Carmen Blanco-López
Diagnostics 2020, 10(5), 288; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050288 - 08 May 2020
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 9254
Abstract
A new generation of magnetic lateral flow immunoassays is emerging as powerful tool for diagnostics. They rely on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as detecting label, replacing conventional gold or latex beads. MNPs can be sensed and quantified by means of external [...] Read more.
A new generation of magnetic lateral flow immunoassays is emerging as powerful tool for diagnostics. They rely on the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) as detecting label, replacing conventional gold or latex beads. MNPs can be sensed and quantified by means of external devices, allowing the development of immunochromatographic tests with a quantitative capability. Moreover, they have an added advantage because they can be used for immunomagnetic separation (IMS), with improvements in selectivity and sensitivity. In this paper, we have reviewed the current knowledge on magnetic-lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), coupled with both research and commercially available instruments. The work in the literature has been classified in two categories: optical and magnetic sensing. We have analysed the type of magnetic nanoparticles used in each case, their size, coating, crystal structure and the functional groups for their conjugation with biomolecules. We have also taken into account the analytical characteristics and the type of transduction. Magnetic LFIA have been used for the determination of biomarkers, pathogens, toxins, allergens and drugs. Nanocomposites have been developed as alternative to MNP with the purpose of sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, IMS in combination with other detection principles could also improve sensitivity and limit of detection. The critical analysis in this review could have an impact for the future development of magnetic LFIA in fields requiring both rapid separation and quantification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lateral Flow Immunoassays)
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