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Energies
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Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation
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Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 3746

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nepu Saha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Scientist, Energy and Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Interests: deconstruction and recycling of biomass; municipal solid and plastic wastes for biorefinery feedstock; development of co-products (e.g., thermal insulation, adsorbent) from wastes via thermochemical treatments (e.g., torrefaction, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization)
Dr. Jordan Klinger

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Engineer, Energy and Environment Science & Technology, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Interests: torrefaction and pyrolysis of biomass and wastes for fuels and products; municipal solid waste treatment and recycling; mechanical, thermal, and chemical preprocessing for uniform feedstock; granular material characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The guest editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue on Energies in the subject area of “Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation”. Thermochemical conversions (e.g., hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification) have been considered as one of the most viable pathways to process biomass and wastes into energy, fuel, materials, and chemicals. The basic understanding along with the economic viability of thermochemical conversions of biomass and wastes have already been established. However, understanding the safety associated with the conversion processes will require more research. Thus, this special issue will deal with original research and review articles those consider the safety associated with the pre-processing and conversion processes of biomass and wastes feedstocks. Topics of interest for the publication include but are not limited to:

  • Thermochemical conversions (e.g., hydrothermal carbonization, torrefaction, pyrolysis, gasification) of biomass, municipal solid wastes, plastic wastes, electronic wastes, etc.
  • Safety associated with thermochemical processes
  • Safety modelling
  • Commercial scale thermochemical conversion plants and their process safety
  • Consequence analysis

Dr. Nepu Saha
Dr. Jordan Klinger
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass
  • wastes
  • hydrothermal carbonization
  • torrefaction
  • pyrolysis
  • gasification
  • process safety

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1170 KiB  
Article
Effect of Hydrothermal Carbonization on Fuel and Combustion Properties of Shrimp Shell Waste
by Swarna Saha, Md Tahmid Islam, Joshua Calhoun and Toufiq Reza
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5534; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145534 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1308
Abstract
Shrimp shell is a popularly consumed seafood around the globe which generates a substantial quantity of solid wet waste. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) could be a viable pathway to convert wet shrimp shell waste into energy-dense hydrochar. The present study aims to assess the [...] Read more.
Shrimp shell is a popularly consumed seafood around the globe which generates a substantial quantity of solid wet waste. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) could be a viable pathway to convert wet shrimp shell waste into energy-dense hydrochar. The present study aims to assess the fuel properties, physicochemical attributes, and combustion properties of shrimp shell hydrochar generated with a wide range of HTC temperatures (110–290 °C). Results showed that a rise in carbonization rate results in a decline in mass yield to as low as 25.7% with the increase in HTC temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates shrimp shell hydrochars to be more thermally stable than raw dried feedstock. Results from the bomb calorimeter report a maximum HHV of 27.9 MJ/kg for SS-290, showing a 13% increase in energy densification compared to raw shrimp shell. The slagging and fouling indices determined for the hydrochars further assisted in addressing the concern regarding increasing ash content changing from 17.0% to 36.6%. Lower ratings of the slagging index, fouling index, alkali index, and chlorine content for hydrochars at higher temperature indicate the reduced probability of reactor fouling during combustion. The findings of the analysis demonstrate that HTC is a promising approach for transforming shrimp shell waste into a potential fuel replacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation)
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17 pages, 4511 KiB  
Article
Development of a Biomass Component Prediction Model Based on Elemental and Proximate Analyses
by Sun Yong Park, Kwang Cheol Oh, Seok Jun Kim, La Hoon Cho, Young Kwang Jeon and DaeHyun Kim
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5341; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145341 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1207
Abstract
Emerging global environmental pollution issues have caused a reduction in coal utilization, leading to an increased research focus on biomass use as an alternative. However, due to the low heat values of biomass, studies in this field are still in progress. Biomass primarily [...] Read more.
Emerging global environmental pollution issues have caused a reduction in coal utilization, leading to an increased research focus on biomass use as an alternative. However, due to the low heat values of biomass, studies in this field are still in progress. Biomass primarily comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. To determine the composition of these three components, the measurement methods recommended by TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) and NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) are typically employed involving equipment such as HPLC. However, these methods are time consuming. In this study, we proposed a model for predicting cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents based on elemental and industrial analyses. A dataset comprising 174 samples was used to develop this model. This was validated using 25 additional samples. The R2P values for cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 0.6104–0.6362, 0.4803–0.5112, and 0.7247–0.7914, respectively; however, the R2CV values obtained from the validation results were 0.7387–0.7837, 0.3280–0.4004, and 0.7427–0.7757, respectively. The optimal models selected for cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose were C1, L2, and 100-(C1-L2) or H2, respectively. Our predictions for woody and herbaceous biomass, including torrefied samples, should be applied with caution to other biomass types due to the potential accuracy limitations. To enhance the prediction accuracy, future research should broaden the range of biomass types considered and gather more data specifically related to woody and herbaceous biomass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation)
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19 pages, 7279 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Optimal Conditions for Oxygen-Rich and Oxygen-Lean Torrefaction of Forestry Byproduct as a Fuel
by Sun Yong Park, Seok Jun Kim, Kwang Cheol Oh, La Hoon Cho, Young Kwang Jeon and Dae Hyun Kim
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4763; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124763 - 16 Jun 2023
Viewed by 794
Abstract
Wood biomass is an alternative to fossil fuels. However, biomass use has several limitations. Torrefaction, in which reduction conditions prevail to overcome these limitations, has been suggested. Here, torrefaction using different wood chips (Liriodendron tulipifera, Populus canadensis, Pinus rigida, [...] Read more.
Wood biomass is an alternative to fossil fuels. However, biomass use has several limitations. Torrefaction, in which reduction conditions prevail to overcome these limitations, has been suggested. Here, torrefaction using different wood chips (Liriodendron tulipifera, Populus canadensis, Pinus rigida, and Pinus koraiensis) was conducted under oxygen-rich and oxygen-lean conditions to determine the effects of oxygen. Torrefaction was conducted at 230–310 °C for 1 h. A mass yield difference of 3.53–20.02% p (percentage point) was observed between oxygen-lean and oxygen-rich conditions. The calorific value increased by a maximum of 50.95% and 48.48% under oxygen-rich and oxygen-lean conditions, respectively. Decarbonization (DC), dehydrogenation (DH), and deoxygenation (DO) occurred in the following order because of dehydration and devolatilization during biomass torrefaction: DO > DH > DC. The calorific value of the torrefied biomass increased linearly with the extent of all three processes. The combustibility index and volatile ignitability were calculated based on proximate composition to suggest the optimal conditions for replacing anthracite and bituminous coal. This study provides suggestions for stable operation in a standard boiler design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermochemical Conversions of Biomass and Its Safety Evaluation)
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