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Energies
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New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems
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New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3974

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Favuzza Salvatore

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: power systems analysis; power system protection; distributed generation; power systems modeling; electrical engineering; power generation; energy; renewable energy; electrical power engineering; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jaser Sa'Ed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Birzeit University, Birzeit P.O. Box 14, Palestine
Interests: renewable energy systems; smart grids; microgrids; integration of renewable energy sources in power systems; distribution system operation and planning; power system protection; energy management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical energy systems are rapidly changing. In the past, they were passive networks; nowadays, however, the increasing presence of distributed generation, including that from renewables and storage systems, has turned them into active systems. New grid architectures and new paradigms are needed to solve many technical problems and to aid in the transition to smart grids. In this context, autonomous or grid-connected microgrids represent a very interesting solution allowing increased renewable penetration, improved efficiency and the resilience of the main electrical systems, overall contributing to the sustainable and competitive development of these systems.

This Special Issue will cover the latest research, technology and developments in this field, presenting contributions on different aspects of renewable energy systems (RESs) and microgrids.

In this framework, we encourage the submission of papers dealing with (but not limited to) the following topics:

  • RES/microgrid technologies, strategies and techniques;
  • Design, operation and control of RES/microgrids;
  • Assessments and performance analysis of RES/microgrids;
  • Power electronics and grid integration issues for RES/microgrids;
  • Energy management in RES/microgrids;
  • Protection techniques for RES/microgrids;
  • Support policies for RES/microgrids in the electrical energy systems;
  • Regulatory, market, technological and socio-economic challenges for a real energetic integration of RES/microgrids in electrical energy systems;
  • Smart grid applications.

Prof. Dr. Favuzza Salvatore
Dr. Jaser Sa'Ed
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart grids
  • renewable energy
  • microgrids
  • distributed generation
  • power systems
  • energy systems

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 13679 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Testing Optimal Power Flow in Smart-Transformer-Based Meshed Hybrid Microgrids: Design and Validation
by Rafael A. Núñez-Rodríguez, Clodomiro Unsihuay-Vila, Johnny Posada, Omar Pinzón-Ardila, Alexandre Rasi Aoki and Rodrigo Bueno-Otto
Energies 2024, 17(8), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081950 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 369
Abstract
The smart transformer (ST) is a multiport and multi-stage converter that allows for the formation of meshed hybrid microgrids (MHMs) by enabling AC-DC ports in medium and low voltage. This type of microgrid has advantages over the performance of conventional hybrid AC-DC microgrids [...] Read more.
The smart transformer (ST) is a multiport and multi-stage converter that allows for the formation of meshed hybrid microgrids (MHMs) by enabling AC-DC ports in medium and low voltage. This type of microgrid has advantages over the performance of conventional hybrid AC-DC microgrids (HMGs); however, the number of degrees of freedom of the ST increases the complexity of the energy management systems (EMSs), which require adequate and accurate modeling of the power flow of the converters and the MG to find the feasible solution of optimal power flow (OPF) problems in the MHM. An ST’s equivalent power flow model is proposed for formulating the MHM OPF problem and developing low-frequency equivalent models integrated with a decoupled hierarchical control architecture under a real-time simulation approach to the ST-based MHM. A simulation model of the MHM in the Simulink® environment of Matlab® 9.12 is developed and implemented under a digital real-time simulation (DRTS) approach on the OPAL-RT® platform. This model allows for determining the accuracy of the developed equivalent models, both low-frequency and power flow, and determining the MHM performance based on optimal day-ahead scheduling. Simulation test results demonstrated the ST equivalent model’s accuracy and the MHM’s accuracy for OPF problems with an optimal day-ahead scheduling horizon based on the model-in-the-loop (MIL) and DRTS approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems)
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22 pages, 4580 KiB  
Article
Virtual Inertia Control in Autonomous Microgrids via a Cascaded Controller for Battery Energy Storage Optimized by Firefly Algorithm and a Comparison Study with GA, PSO, ABC, and GWO
by Farhad Amiri, Mohsen Eskandari and Mohammad Hassan Moradi
Energies 2023, 16(18), 6611; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186611 - 14 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1022
Abstract
Modern (micro) grids host inverter-based generation units for utilizing renewable and sustainable energy resources. Due to the lack of physical inertia and, thus, the low inertia level of inverter-interfaced energy resources, the frequency dynamic is adversely affected, which critically impacts the stability of [...] Read more.
Modern (micro) grids host inverter-based generation units for utilizing renewable and sustainable energy resources. Due to the lack of physical inertia and, thus, the low inertia level of inverter-interfaced energy resources, the frequency dynamic is adversely affected, which critically impacts the stability of autonomous microgrids. The idea of virtual inertia control (VIC), assisted by battery energy storage systems (BESSs), has been presented to improve the frequency dynamic in islanded microgrids. This study presents the PD-FOPID cascaded controller for the BESS, a unique method for enhancing the performance of VIC in islanded microgrids. Using the firefly algorithm (FA), the settings of this controller are optimally tuned. This approach is robust to disruptions due to uncertainties in islanded microgrids. In several scenarios, the performance of the suggested approach is compared with those of other control techniques, such as VIC based on an MPC controller, VIC based on a robust H-infinite controller, adaptive VIC, and VIC based on an optimized PI controller. The simulation results in MATLAB show that the suggested methodology in the area of VIC is better than previous methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 4587 KiB  
Article
Comparison amongst Lagrange, Firefly, and ABC Algorithms for Low-Noise Economic Dispatch and Reactive Power Compensation in Islanded Microgrids
by Shruti Singh and David Wenzhong Gao
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5119; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135119 - 02 Jul 2023
Viewed by 890
Abstract
For the microgrids to operate securely, distributed generators must be able to interact with one another without experiencing any communication delays or noise. To develop a more effective economic dispatch strategy, this research focuses on noise’s effect on the performance of an islanded [...] Read more.
For the microgrids to operate securely, distributed generators must be able to interact with one another without experiencing any communication delays or noise. To develop a more effective economic dispatch strategy, this research focuses on noise’s effect on the performance of an islanded microgrid. Three different strategies, Lagrange, firefly, and artificial bee colony algorithms, are compared for optimal solutions of economic dispatch. Their performance is compared based on stability during noise interference and faster response time with and without the virtual synchronous generator-STATCOM strategy. The virtual synchronous generator is used as a voltage source to regulate active power and reactive power with the grid. A STATCOM controller is introduced in the system for reactive power compensation. Reactive power compensation is the process of controlling reactive power to enhance the efficiency of alternating current power systems. By boosting the active power, reactive power compensation in the transmission system will increase the stability of microgrids. The voltage, output power, power factor, and phase angle of the microgrid benefit from the stability provided by the controller. As a result, the performance and resilience of the microgrid is improved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems)
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19 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
Improved Virtual Synchronous Generator Principle for Better Economic Dispatch and Stability in Grid-Connected Microgrids with Low Noise
by Shruti Singh and David Wenzhong Gao
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4670; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124670 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 905
Abstract
The proper operation of microgrids depends on Economic Dispatch. It satisfies all requirements while lowering the microgrids’ overall operating and generation costs. Since distributed generators constitute a large portion of microgrids, seamless communication between generators is essential. While guaranteeing a reliable microgrid operation, [...] Read more.
The proper operation of microgrids depends on Economic Dispatch. It satisfies all requirements while lowering the microgrids’ overall operating and generation costs. Since distributed generators constitute a large portion of microgrids, seamless communication between generators is essential. While guaranteeing a reliable microgrid operation, this should be achieved with the fewest losses as possible. The distributed generator technology introduces noise into the system by design. To find the best economic dispatch strategy, noise was considered in this research as a limitation in grid-connected microgrids. The microgrid’s performance was improved, and the proposed technique also showed increased resilience. A virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control approach is proposed with a noiseless consensus-based algorithm to improve the power quality of microgrids. Voltage and frequency regulation modules are the foundation of the VSG paradigm. The synchronous generator’s second-order equation (hidden-pole configuration) was also used to represent the voltage of the stator and rotor motion. This study compared changes in power, frequency, and voltage for the microgrid by utilizing the described control approach using MATLAB. According to the findings, this method aids in controlling load and noise variations and offers distributed generators an efficient control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Microgrids and Renewable Energy Systems)
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