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Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 June 2024 | Viewed by 5877

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrei Blinov

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Guest Editor

Power Electronics Research Group, Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Interests: power electronic converters; batteries; power semiconductor devices; renewable energy
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Prof. Dr. Sheldon Williamson

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Guest Editor

Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, OR L1H 7K4, Canada
Interests: battery-powered vehicles; switching converters; battery chargers; induction motor drives; power capacitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The deployment of distributed renewable generation and e-mobility systems is creating a demand for improved dynamic performance, flexibility, and resilience of the electrical grid.

Various energy storages, such as stationary and electric vehicle batteries, together with power electronic interfaces will play a key role in addressing these demands thanks to their enhanced functionality, fast response times, and configuration flexibility. However, several barriers still stand in the way of the massive implementation of this technology, and the associated enabling developments are becoming of paramount importance. These include energy management algorithms; optimal sizing and coordinated control strategies of different storage technologies, including e-mobility storage; power electronic converters for interfacing renewables and battery systems, which allow advanced interactions with the grid; and the increase of round-trip efficiencies by means of advanced materials, components, and algorithms.

This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers to share new developments and potential solutions addressing the aforementioned and other related topics, aiming to make the most out of these emerging technologies.

Dr. Andrei Blinov
Prof. Dr. Sheldon Williamson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

battery system
renewable energy source
energy management
demand response
power electronic converter
battery charger
bidirectional power flow
electric vehicles
wide band gap semiconductors
energy efficiency

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 6988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Considerations on Combining Unfolding Inverters with Partial Power Regulators in Battery–Grid Interface Converters

by Ilya A. Galkin, Rodions Saltanovs, Alexander Bubovich, Andrei Blinov and Dimosthenis Peftitsis

Energies 2024, 17(4), 893; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040893 - 14 Feb 2024

Viewed by 550

Abstract

The application of electrochemical cells as a source unit of electrical energy is rapidly growing—used in electric vehicles and other electric mobility devices, as well as in energy supply systems—as energy storage, often together with renewable energy sources. The key element of such systems is the power electronic converter used for DC energy storage and AC grid interfacing. It should be bidirectional to charge and discharge the battery when it is necessary. Two-stage battery interface converters are the most common; their DC-DC stage controls the battery current and adjusts voltage, but the DC-AC stage (inverter or frontend) controls the current in the grid. The use of unfolding inverters in two-stage battery interfaces can have some advantages. In this case, the DC-DC converter produces half-sinewave pulsating voltages and currents, but the unfolding circuit changes the polarity of the voltages and currents and produces no switching losses. Another trend of modern power electronics is the principle of partial power processing. In this case, power electronic converters deal only with a part of the total power; therefore, losses in such converters are reduced. This paper considers combining unfolding frontends with partial power DC-DC converters that enable the further reduction in losses. In this paper, it is shown that such implementation of the partial power conversion principle in semi-DC-AC systems is really possible based on the real-time matching of the voltage of the partial-power DC-DC converter, battery voltage (which depends on its state of charge) and the rectified instantaneous voltage of the AC grid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023)

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19 pages, 3792 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Series Architecture for the Reduction of the DC-DC Converter in a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles

by Caio Augusto Fonseca de Freitas, Patrick Bartholomeus, Xavier Margueron and Philippe Le Moigne

Energies 2023, 16(22), 7620; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227620 - 17 Nov 2023

Viewed by 699

Abstract

A Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) uses DC-DC converters to couple its energy sources. However, this device represents a “dead weight” in the system and must be reduced to a minimum in order to maximize the HESS’ performance. This work proposes a new coupling architecture to reduce the converter’s volume and mass. Not yet addressed in the literature, this architecture is based on a series coupling of the sources. In this case, a DC-DC converter is used to control the current difference between the two sources. If this difference is zero, so is the power processed by the converter. By reducing the power processed by the converter, its mass and volume can be reduced. Simulation and experimental tests were carried out to validate the architecture concept. For the latter, power supplies were used to emulate the batteries and the load, and a 2 kg, 3.3 kW evaluation board served as the DC-DC converter. The results show that, compared to a conventional solution that is usually adopted in the literature, with the series architecture, it is possible to reduce the converter sizing power by almost 3.7. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023)

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14 pages, 3317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Double-Layer SOC and SOH Equalization Scheme for LiFePO₄ Battery Energy Storage System Using MAS Blackboard System

by Zhongda Lu, Qilong Wang, Fengxia Xu, Mingqing Fan, Chuanshui Peng and Shiwei Yan

Energies 2023, 16(14), 5460; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145460 - 18 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1045

Abstract

26650 LiFePO₄ battery, as an ideal energy storage battery for the smart grid system, has the shortcomings of fast aging speed and large dispersion of aging trend, which is the reason for accelerating the 26650 battery system aging. However, it is noted that the 26650 LiFePO₄ battery with high aging trend dispersion shows the characteristics of grouping. Therefore, to prolong the 26650 battery system life, this paper proposes a state-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) double-layer equalization scheme for 26650 LiFePO₄ batteries based on a multi-agent blackboard system (MABS) that utilizes these characteristics. Based on MABS, the battery units with similar SOH are clustered into a group by a hierarchical-clustering algorithm. Then, SOH balancing is performed by changing the depth of charge and discharge (DOD) between groups, and SOC balancing is performed within the group. MATLAB simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in ensuring the balance of battery charge and discharge and prolonging the life of the battery energy storage system (BESS). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023)

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22 pages, 34507 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Route Planning for Electric Vehicles Including Driving Style, HVAC, Payload and Battery Health

by Alberto Ponso, Angelo Bonfitto and Giovanni Belingardi

Energies 2023, 16(12), 4627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124627 - 10 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1409

Abstract

The increasing environmental awareness paired with the rise of global warming effects has led, in the past few years, to an increase in the sales of electric vehicles (EVs), partly but not only, caused by governmental incentives. A significant roadblock in the mass transition to EVs can be found in the so-called range anxiety: not only do EVs have, generally, considerably shorter ranges than their internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) equivalents, but recharge takes significantly longer than does filling up a gas tank, and charging stations are less widespread than are petrol stations. To counteract this, EV manufacturers are developing route planners which select the best route to go from A to B according to the range of the vehicle and the availability of charging stations. These tools are indeed powerful but do not account for the state of health (SoH) of the battery or for temperature conditions, two factors which may severely degrade the range of an EV. This article presents an innovative route planning method which takes into account SoH, temperature and driving style and selects, along the planned route, the charging stations among those which can be reached with the energy of the battery. To verify its proper operativity, simulations were conducted, highlighting the risk of running out of battery before destination, considering if the route is planned based on the declared range, and taking into account battery SoH, external temperature and driving style. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023)

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Review

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21 pages, 1525 KiB

Open AccessReview

Battery Energy Storage Systems: A Review of Energy Management Systems and Health Metrics

by Solmaz Nazaralizadeh, Paramarshi Banerjee, Anurag K. Srivastava and Parviz Famouri

Energies 2024, 17(5), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051250 - 06 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1639

Abstract

With increasing concerns about climate change, there is a transition from high-carbon-emitting fuels to green energy resources in various applications including household, commercial, transportation, and electric grid applications. Even though renewable energy resources are receiving traction for being carbon-neutral, their availability is intermittent. To address this issue to achieve extensive application, the integration of energy storage systems in conjunction with these resources is becoming a recommended practice. Additionally, in the transportation sector, the increased demand for EVs requires the development of energy storage systems that can deliver energy for rigorous driving cycles, with lithium-ion-based batteries emerging as the superior choice for energy storage due to their high power and energy densities, length of their life cycle, low self-discharge rates, and reasonable cost. As a result, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are becoming a primary energy storage system. The high-performance demand on these BESS can have severe negative effects on their internal operations such as heating and catching on fire when operating in overcharge or undercharge states. Reduced efficiency and poor charge storage result in the battery operating at higher temperatures. To mitigate early battery degradation, battery management systems (BMSs) have been devised to enhance battery life and ensure normal operation under safe operating conditions. Some BMSs are capable of determining precise state estimations to ensure safe battery operation and reduce hazards. Precise estimation of battery health is computed by evaluating several metrics and is a central factor in effective battery management systems. In this scenario, the accurate estimation of the health indicators (HIs) of the battery becomes even more important within the framework of a BMS. This paper provides a comprehensive review and discussion of battery management systems and different health indicators for BESSs, with suitable classification based on key characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems 2023)

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